Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh134:l104 [2024/10/24 04:36] – admin | elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh134:l104 [2024/10/24 12:57] (Version actuelle) – admin | ||
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Ligne 29: | Ligne 29: | ||
* LAB #10 - Gérer les Métadonnées | * LAB #10 - Gérer les Métadonnées | ||
* Raid Logiciel | * Raid Logiciel | ||
- | | + | |
- | * Disques en miroir | + | * Disques en miroir |
- | * Bandes de données | + | * Bandes de données |
- | * Types de RAID | + | * Types de RAID |
- | * RAID 0 - Concaténation | + | * RAID 0 - Concaténation |
- | * RAID 0 - Striping | + | * RAID 0 - Striping |
- | * RAID 1 - Miroir | + | * RAID 1 - Miroir |
- | * RAID 1+0 - Striping en Miroir | + | * RAID 1+0 - Striping en Miroir |
- | * RAID 2 - Miroir avec Contrôle d' | + | * RAID 2 - Miroir avec Contrôle d' |
- | * RAID 3 et 4 - Striping avec Parité | + | * RAID 3 et 4 - Striping avec Parité |
- | * RAID 5 - Striping avec Parité Distribuée | + | * RAID 5 - Striping avec Parité Distribuée |
- | * Au délà de RAID 5 | + | * Au délà de RAID 5 |
* LAB #11 - Mise en Place du RAID 5 Logiciel | * LAB #11 - Mise en Place du RAID 5 Logiciel | ||
* 11.1 - Préparer le disque | * 11.1 - Préparer le disque | ||
- | * 12.2 - Créer une Unité RAID | + | * 11.2 - Créer une Unité RAID |
- | * 12.3 - Remplacer une Unité Défaillante | + | * 11.3 - Remplacer une Unité Défaillante |
- | | + | * LAB #12 - Travailler avec Stratis |
- | | + | * 12.1 - Présentation |
- | * 13.1 - Présentation | + | * Concepts clés de Stratis |
- | * Concepts clés de Stratis | + | * Gestion simplifiée |
- | * Gestion simplifiée | + | * Avantages de Stratis |
- | * Avantages de Stratis | + | * Stratis vs ZFS/Btrfs |
- | * Stratis vs ZFS/Btrfs | + | * 12.2 - Travailler avec Stratis |
+ | * Installation | ||
+ | * Création d'un Pool | ||
+ | * Création d'un Système de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Montage du System de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Croissance Dynamique du Système de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Création d'un Snapshot | ||
+ | * Suppression des Systèmes de Fichiers | ||
* Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés | * Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés | ||
* Présentation | * Présentation | ||
- | * Ext3 | + | * LAB #13 - Ext3 |
- | * Gestion d' | + | * 13.1 - Gestion d' |
- | * LAB #14 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2 | + | * 13.2 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2 |
- | * LAB #15 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3 | + | * 13.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3 |
- | * LAB #16 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition | + | * 13.4 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition |
- | * LAB #17 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3 | + | * 13.5 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3 |
- | * Ext4 | + | * LAB #14 - Ext4 |
- | * LAB #18 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4 | + | * 14.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4 |
- | * LAB #19 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4 | + | * 14.2 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4 |
- | * LAB #20 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4 | + | * 14.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4 |
- | * XFS | + | * LAB #15 - XFS |
- | * LAB #21 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS | + | * 15.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS |
- | * LAB #22 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS | + | * 15.2 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS |
* Autres Systèmes de Fichiers | * Autres Systèmes de Fichiers | ||
* ReiserFS | * ReiserFS | ||
Ligne 72: | Ligne 79: | ||
* Btrfs | * Btrfs | ||
* Comparaison des Commandes par Système de Fichiers | * Comparaison des Commandes par Système de Fichiers | ||
- | * Système de Fichiers ISO | + | * LAB #16 - Système de Fichiers ISO |
- | * LAB #23 - La Commande mkisofs | + | * 16.1 - La Commande mkisofs |
- | * Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés | + | * LAB #17 - Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés |
- | * LAB #24 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS | + | * 17.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS |
* Présentation | * Présentation | ||
* Mise en Place | * Mise en Place | ||
* Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase | * Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase | ||
* Supprimer une Passphrase | * Supprimer une Passphrase | ||
- | | + | |
- | * Taille du swap | + | * LAB #18 - Le Swap |
- | * Partitions de swap | + | * 18.1 - Taille du swap |
- | * La Commande swapon | + | * 18.2 - Partitions de swap |
- | * La Commande swapoff | + | * 18.3 - La Commande swapon |
- | * LAB #24 - Créer un Fichier de Swap | + | * 18.4 - La Commande swapoff |
+ | * 18.5 - Créer un Fichier de Swap | ||
=====Périphériques de stockage===== | =====Périphériques de stockage===== | ||
Ligne 2972: | Ligne 2980: | ||
/ | / | ||
/ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdc: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdd: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sde: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
Ligne 3514: | Ligne 3542: | ||
├─sdb2 | ├─sdb2 | ||
├─sdb3 | ├─sdb3 | ||
- | ├─sdb4 | + | ├─sdb4 |
├─sdb5 | ├─sdb5 | ||
├─sdb6 | ├─sdb6 | ||
Ligne 3529: | Ligne 3557: | ||
│ └─md1 | │ └─md1 | ||
└─sdb12 | └─sdb12 | ||
- | sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom | + | sdc |
+ | sdd | ||
+ | sde | ||
+ | sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom | ||
[root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
Ligne 3583: | Ligne 3614: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | =====LAB #13 - Travailler avec Stratis===== | + | =====LAB #12 - Stratis===== |
- | ====13.1 - Présentation==== | + | ====12.1 - Présentation==== |
**Stratis** est une solution de gestion de volumes et de stockage pour Linux, développée par Red Hat, qui combine des technologies comme **LVM (Logical Volume Manager)** et **XFS** pour fournir une gestion simplifiée des volumes de stockage. Il est conçu pour offrir une solution robuste et facile à utiliser, tout en offrant une gestion avancée du stockage comme la gestion des snapshots, le thin provisioning, | **Stratis** est une solution de gestion de volumes et de stockage pour Linux, développée par Red Hat, qui combine des technologies comme **LVM (Logical Volume Manager)** et **XFS** pour fournir une gestion simplifiée des volumes de stockage. Il est conçu pour offrir une solution robuste et facile à utiliser, tout en offrant une gestion avancée du stockage comme la gestion des snapshots, le thin provisioning, | ||
Ligne 3595: | Ligne 3626: | ||
* **Pool de stockage** : Un pool est une collection de disques physiques (ou d' | * **Pool de stockage** : Un pool est une collection de disques physiques (ou d' | ||
* **Volumes logiques** : Une fois que vous avez un pool, vous pouvez créer des volumes logiques (ou systèmes de fichiers). Ces volumes logiques peuvent être utilisés comme tout autre système de fichiers dans Linux. Ils peuvent être agrandis ou réduits dynamiquement, | * **Volumes logiques** : Une fois que vous avez un pool, vous pouvez créer des volumes logiques (ou systèmes de fichiers). Ces volumes logiques peuvent être utilisés comme tout autre système de fichiers dans Linux. Ils peuvent être agrandis ou réduits dynamiquement, | ||
- | * **Thinn provisioning** : Stratis permet de créer des volumes logiques "thin provisioned", | + | * **Thin provisioning** : Stratis permet de créer des volumes logiques "thin provisioned", |
* **Snapshots** : Stratis permet de créer des snapshots, qui sont des copies instantanées des volumes à un moment donné. Ces snapshots peuvent être utilisés pour des sauvegardes ou pour restaurer un état précédent du système de fichiers. | * **Snapshots** : Stratis permet de créer des snapshots, qui sont des copies instantanées des volumes à un moment donné. Ces snapshots peuvent être utilisés pour des sauvegardes ou pour restaurer un état précédent du système de fichiers. | ||
Ligne 3615: | Ligne 3646: | ||
En résumé, Stratis simplifie la gestion du stockage en regroupant plusieurs fonctionnalités avancées dans un cadre simple et accessible pour les administrateurs Linux, tout en utilisant des technologies éprouvées. | En résumé, Stratis simplifie la gestion du stockage en regroupant plusieurs fonctionnalités avancées dans un cadre simple et accessible pour les administrateurs Linux, tout en utilisant des technologies éprouvées. | ||
+ | ====12.2 - Travailler avec Stratis==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Installation=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le support de Stratis peut être obtenu en installant les paquets **stratisd** et **stratis-cli** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dnf install stratisd stratis-cli -y | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Activez et démarrez le service stratis : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl enable --now stratisd | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl status stratisd | ||
+ | ● stratisd.service - Stratis daemon | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Docs: man: | ||
+ | Main PID: 2676 (stratisd) | ||
+ | Tasks: 8 (limit: 48799) | ||
+ | | ||
+ | CPU: 22ms | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting Stratis daemon... | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started Stratis daemon. | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Création d'un Pool=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le pool de stockage **pool1** sur **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool create pool1 /dev/sdc | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez la taille du pool : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool list | ||
+ | Name Total / Used / Free Properties | ||
+ | pool1 6 GiB / 526 MiB / 5.49 GiB | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans la colonne **Properties**, | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Ca** - Cache, | ||
+ | * **Cr** - Chiffrement, | ||
+ | * **Op** - Surprovisionnement. | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ajoutez donc **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool add-data pool1 /dev/sdd | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool list | ||
+ | Name Total / Used / Free Properties | ||
+ | pool1 12 GiB / 534 MiB / 11.48 GiB | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis blockdev list pool1 | ||
+ | Pool Name | ||
+ | pool1 / | ||
+ | pool1 / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Création d'un Système de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le système de fichiers en provisionnement fin **filesystem1** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem create pool1 filesystem1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez la liste des systèmes de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Montage du System de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant le point de montage **/volume** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir /volume | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez **filesystem1** sur **/volume** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez que **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep volume | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Obtenez l'UUID de **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lsblk --output=UUID / | ||
+ | UUID | ||
+ | e80a1eeb-95d0-413a-8641-2a07ea685b6a | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modifiez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi /etc/fstab | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab | ||
+ | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
+ | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # After editing this file, run ' | ||
+ | # units generated from this file. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 /boot | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=e80a1eeb-95d0-413a-8641-2a07ea685b6a /volume xfs defaults, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démontez maintenant **/volume** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /volume | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep volume | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez **/volume** à partir de **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -a | ||
+ | mount: (hint) your fstab has been modified, but systemd still uses | ||
+ | the old version; use ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep volume | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Croissance Dynamique du Système de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un fichier de 2GiB dans le systéme de fichiers **filesystem1** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dd if=/ | ||
+ | 2048+0 records in | ||
+ | 2048+0 records out | ||
+ | 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 26.3089 s, 81.6 MB/s | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez que l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Création d'un Snapshot=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le snapshot **filesystem1-snap** de **filesystem1** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem snapshot pool1 filesystem1 filesystem1-snap | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la présence du snapshot : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm -f / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la suppression de **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /volume | ||
+ | total 0 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le point de montage **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la présence du fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l / | ||
+ | total 2097152 | ||
+ | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2147483648 Oct 24 07:37 file | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Suppression des Systèmes de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démontez les deux systèmes de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /volume | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez les deux systèmes de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem destroy pool1 filesystem1-snap | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem destroy pool1 filesystem1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Editez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi /etc/fstab | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab | ||
+ | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
+ | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # After editing this file, run ' | ||
+ | # units generated from this file. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 /boot | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez les deux points de montage : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm -rf /volume / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Désactiver et arrêtez le service **stratisd** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl disable --now stratisd | ||
+ | Removed "/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl status stratisd | ||
+ | ○ stratisd.service - Stratis daemon | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Docs: man: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oct 24 07:58:07 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 07:58:14 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping Stratis daemon... | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: stratisd.service: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped Stratis daemon. | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: stratisd.service: | ||
+ | </ | ||
=====Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés===== | =====Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés===== | ||
Ligne 3640: | Ligne 3984: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ====Ext3==== | + | ====LAB #13 - Ext3==== |
Ext3 est une évolution de Ext2 et a pour principale différence d' | Ext3 est une évolution de Ext2 et a pour principale différence d' | ||
Ligne 3650: | Ligne 3994: | ||
Pour plus d' | Pour plus d' | ||
- | ===Gestion d' | + | ===13.1 - Gestion d' |
Notez maintenant le numéro de la dernière partition que vous avez précédemment créée : | Notez maintenant le numéro de la dernière partition que vous avez précédemment créée : | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 | + | Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 |
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
Sector size (logical/ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
I/O size (minimum/ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
Disklabel type: dos | Disklabel type: dos | ||
- | Disk identifier: | + | Disk identifier: |
- | Device | + | Device |
- | /dev/sdb1 | + | /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 |
- | /dev/sdb2 206848 | + | /dev/sda2 |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 | + | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 |
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
Sector size (logical/ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
I/O size (minimum/ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
Disklabel type: dos | Disklabel type: dos | ||
- | Disk identifier: | + | Disk identifier: |
Device | Device | ||
- | /dev/sda1 * 2048 | + | /dev/sdb1 |
- | /dev/sda2 | + | / |
- | /dev/sda3 | + | / |
+ | /dev/sdb4 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | /dev/ | ||
+ | /dev/sdb7 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sdc: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdd: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sde: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/md1: 996 MiB, 1044381696 bytes, 2039808 sectors | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
Ligne 3708: | Ligne 4090: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: a2515f45-a32a-4e87-b7e6-170448f3f803 | + | Filesystem UUID: f489fe51-2f8b-444a-af89-9bb5b6301214 |
Superblock backups stored on blocks: | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | + | |
Allocating group tables: done | Allocating group tables: done | ||
Ligne 3719: | Ligne 4102: | ||
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done | Creating journal (4096 blocks): done | ||
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | Les options de la commande **mke2fs** sont : | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mke2fs --help | ||
- | mke2fs: invalid option -- ' | ||
- | Usage: mke2fs [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] | ||
- | [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options] | ||
- | [-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-d root-directory] | ||
- | [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] | ||
- | [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] | ||
- | [-O feature[, | ||
- | [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior][-z undo_file] | ||
- | [-jnqvDFSV] device [blocks-count] | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3740: | Ligne 4108: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ===LAB #11 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2=== | + | ===13.2 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2=== |
Pour vérifier si un système de fichiers Ext2 est journalisé, | Pour vérifier si un système de fichiers Ext2 est journalisé, | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Filesystem volume name: < | Filesystem volume name: < | ||
Last mounted on: <not available> | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
Filesystem magic number: | Filesystem magic number: | ||
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
Ligne 3761: | Ligne 4129: | ||
Block count: | Block count: | ||
Reserved block count: | Reserved block count: | ||
- | Free blocks: | + | Overhead clusters: |
+ | Free blocks: | ||
Free inodes: | Free inodes: | ||
First block: | First block: | ||
Ligne 3770: | Ligne 4139: | ||
Fragments per group: | Fragments per group: | ||
Inodes per group: | Inodes per group: | ||
- | Inode blocks per group: | + | Inode blocks per group: |
- | Filesystem created: | + | Filesystem created: |
Last mount time: n/a | Last mount time: n/a | ||
- | Last write time: | + | Last write time: |
Mount count: | Mount count: | ||
Maximum mount count: | Maximum mount count: | ||
- | Last checked: | + | Last checked: |
Check interval: | Check interval: | ||
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
First inode: | First inode: | ||
- | Inode size: 128 | + | Inode size: 256 |
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
Journal inode: | Journal inode: | ||
Default directory hash: | Default directory hash: | ||
- | Directory Hash Seed: | + | Directory Hash Seed: |
Journal backup: | Journal backup: | ||
Journal features: | Journal features: | ||
- | Journal | + | Total journal |
- | Journal | + | Total journal blocks: |
+ | Max transaction | ||
+ | Fast commit length: | ||
Journal sequence: | Journal sequence: | ||
Journal start: | Journal start: | ||
Ligne 3796: | Ligne 4169: | ||
**Important** : Le drapeau **Filesystem features: | **Important** : Le drapeau **Filesystem features: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs --help | ||
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | ||
- | dumpe2fs: invalid option -- ' | ||
- | Usage: dumpe2fs [-bfghimxV] [-o superblock=< | ||
- | </ | ||
Pour supprimer le journal du système de fichier Ext3 sur cette partition, il convient d' | Pour supprimer le journal du système de fichier Ext3 sur cette partition, il convient d' | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# tune2fs --help | + | |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | tune2fs: invalid option -- ' | + | |
- | Usage: tune2fs [-c max_mounts_count] [-e errors_behavior] [-f] [-g group] | + | |
- | [-i interval[d|m|w]] [-j] [-J journal_options] [-l] | + | |
- | [-m reserved_blocks_percent] [-o [^]mount_options[, | + | |
- | [-r reserved_blocks_count] [-u user] [-C mount_count] | + | |
- | [-L volume_label] [-M last_mounted_dir] | + | |
- | [-O [^]feature[, | + | |
- | [-E extended-option[, | + | |
- | [-I new_inode_size] [-z undo_file] device | + | |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3832: | Ligne 4180: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Filesystem volume name: < | Filesystem volume name: < | ||
Last mounted on: <not available> | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
Filesystem magic number: | Filesystem magic number: | ||
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
Ligne 3848: | Ligne 4196: | ||
Block count: | Block count: | ||
Reserved block count: | Reserved block count: | ||
- | Free blocks: | + | Overhead clusters: |
+ | Free blocks: | ||
Free inodes: | Free inodes: | ||
First block: | First block: | ||
Ligne 3857: | Ligne 4206: | ||
Fragments per group: | Fragments per group: | ||
Inodes per group: | Inodes per group: | ||
- | Inode blocks per group: | + | Inode blocks per group: |
- | Filesystem created: | + | Filesystem created: |
Last mount time: n/a | Last mount time: n/a | ||
- | Last write time: | + | Last write time: |
Mount count: | Mount count: | ||
Maximum mount count: | Maximum mount count: | ||
- | Last checked: | + | Last checked: |
Check interval: | Check interval: | ||
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
First inode: | First inode: | ||
- | Inode size: 128 | + | Inode size: 256 |
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
Default directory hash: | Default directory hash: | ||
- | Directory Hash Seed: | + | Directory Hash Seed: |
Journal backup: | Journal backup: | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3881: | Ligne 4232: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | fsck from util-linux 2.32.1 | + | fsck from util-linux 2.37.4 |
- | e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
- | /dev/sdb12: clean, 11/51200 files, | + | /dev/sdb12: clean, 11/51200 files, |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3890: | Ligne 4241: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3896: | Ligne 4247: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3907: | Ligne 4258: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
</ | </ | ||
- | ===LAB #12 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3=== | + | ===13.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3=== |
Pour replacer le journal sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | Pour replacer le journal sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Creating journal inode: done | Creating journal inode: done | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3926: | Ligne 4277: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ===LAB #13 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition=== | + | ===13.4 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition=== |
Le journal d'un système de fichiers peut être placé sur un autre périphérique bloc. | Le journal d'un système de fichiers peut être placé sur un autre périphérique bloc. | ||
Ligne 3933: | Ligne 4284: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md1 |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | mdadm: stopped /dev/md1 |
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | /dev/sdb11 contains a linux_raid_member file system labelled ' | ||
+ | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 0 inodes | Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 0 inodes | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: 23327281-e88a-4da0-bafa-50ee10c52937 | + | Filesystem UUID: 5ab9820b-f652-4e79-99a9-07f5581cb312 |
Superblock backups stored on blocks: | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
Ligne 3949: | Ligne 4306: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Using journal device' | Using journal device' | ||
/dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | /dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | ||
- | last mounted on Wed Jun 2 08:03:11 2021 | + | |
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: 0e783411-6407-4cba-8db5-0e2729000c9e | + | Filesystem UUID: ac7c133a-3f15-4fa4-81df-b1a0c808a4d0 |
Superblock backups stored on blocks: | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | + | |
Allocating group tables: done | Allocating group tables: done | ||
Ligne 3970: | Ligne 4328: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ===LAB #14 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3=== | + | ===13.5 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3=== |
Pour modifier la fréquence de vérification du système de fichiers sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | Pour modifier la fréquence de vérification du système de fichiers sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Setting interval between checks to 8640000 seconds | Setting interval between checks to 8640000 seconds | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 3983: | Ligne 4341: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
- | Journal UUID: 23327281-e88a-4da0-bafa-50ee10c52937 | + | Journal UUID: 5ab9820b-f652-4e79-99a9-07f5581cb312 |
</ | </ | ||
- | ====Ext4==== | + | ====LAB #14 - Ext4==== |
Le système de fichiers **Ext4** a été introduit dans le noyau **2.6.19** en mode expérimental et est devenu stable dans le noyau **2.6.28**. | Le système de fichiers **Ext4** a été introduit dans le noyau **2.6.19** en mode expérimental et est devenu stable dans le noyau **2.6.28**. | ||
Ligne 4009: | Ligne 4367: | ||
Pour plus d' | Pour plus d' | ||
- | ===LAB #15 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4=== | + | ===14.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4=== |
Créez un système de fichiers Ext4 sur **/ | Créez un système de fichiers Ext4 sur **/ | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
/dev/sdb11 contains a jbd file system | /dev/sdb11 contains a jbd file system | ||
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 128016 inodes | Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 128016 inodes | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: 72a6ad08-7023-4561-adcb-d434e00afed1 | + | Filesystem UUID: 52c3fea6-d28b-40db-b7e5-d3c289b51043 |
Superblock backups stored on blocks: | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 | + | |
Allocating group tables: done | Allocating group tables: done | ||
Ligne 4027: | Ligne 4386: | ||
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done | Creating journal (8192 blocks): done | ||
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.ext4 --help | ||
- | mkfs.ext4: invalid option -- ' | ||
- | Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] | ||
- | [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options] | ||
- | [-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-d root-directory] | ||
- | [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] | ||
- | [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] | ||
- | [-O feature[, | ||
- | [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior][-z undo_file] | ||
- | [-jnqvDFSV] device [blocks-count] | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4047: | Ligne 4391: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Filesystem volume name: < | Filesystem volume name: < | ||
Last mounted on: <not available> | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
Filesystem magic number: | Filesystem magic number: | ||
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
- | Filesystem features: | + | Filesystem features: |
- | xtent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize | + | |
- | data_csum | + | |
Filesystem flags: | Filesystem flags: | ||
Default mount options: | Default mount options: | ||
Ligne 4065: | Ligne 4407: | ||
Block count: | Block count: | ||
Reserved block count: | Reserved block count: | ||
- | Free blocks: | + | Overhead clusters: |
+ | Free blocks: | ||
Free inodes: | Free inodes: | ||
First block: | First block: | ||
Ligne 4072: | Ligne 4415: | ||
Group descriptor size: 64 | Group descriptor size: 64 | ||
Reserved GDT blocks: | Reserved GDT blocks: | ||
+ | Blocks per group: | ||
+ | Fragments per group: | ||
+ | Inodes per group: | ||
+ | Inode blocks per group: | ||
+ | Flex block group size: 16 | ||
+ | Filesystem created: | ||
+ | Last mount time: n/a | ||
+ | Last write time: Thu Oct 24 08:35:02 2024 | ||
+ | Mount count: | ||
+ | Maximum mount count: | ||
+ | Last checked: | ||
+ | Check interval: | ||
+ | Lifetime writes: | ||
+ | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
+ | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
+ | First inode: | ||
+ | Inode size: 256 | ||
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
+ | Journal inode: | ||
+ | Default directory hash: | ||
+ | Directory Hash Seed: 6bf0e2d7-9fb0-4c7b-8d32-b0ca3113c0cd | ||
+ | Journal backup: | ||
+ | Checksum type: crc32c | ||
+ | Checksum: | ||
+ | Journal features: | ||
+ | Total journal size: 8M | ||
+ | Total journal blocks: | ||
+ | Max transaction length: | ||
+ | Fast commit length: | ||
+ | Journal sequence: | ||
+ | Journal start: | ||
+ | |||
--More-- | --More-- | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ===LAB #16 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4=== | + | ===14.2 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4=== |
Utilisez la commande **e2label** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | Utilisez la commande **e2label** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | [root@redhat9 |
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
Filesystem volume name: | Filesystem volume name: | ||
Last mounted on: <not available> | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
Filesystem magic number: | Filesystem magic number: | ||
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
- | Filesystem features: | + | Filesystem features: |
- | xtent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize | + | |
- | data_csum | + | |
Filesystem flags: | Filesystem flags: | ||
Default mount options: | Default mount options: | ||
Ligne 4099: | Ligne 4474: | ||
Block count: | Block count: | ||
Reserved block count: | Reserved block count: | ||
- | Free blocks: | + | Overhead clusters: |
+ | Free blocks: | ||
Free inodes: | Free inodes: | ||
First block: | First block: | ||
Ligne 4106: | Ligne 4482: | ||
Group descriptor size: 64 | Group descriptor size: 64 | ||
Reserved GDT blocks: | Reserved GDT blocks: | ||
+ | Blocks per group: | ||
+ | Fragments per group: | ||
+ | Inodes per group: | ||
+ | Inode blocks per group: | ||
+ | Flex block group size: 16 | ||
+ | Filesystem created: | ||
+ | Last mount time: n/a | ||
+ | Last write time: Thu Oct 24 08:36:06 2024 | ||
+ | Mount count: | ||
+ | Maximum mount count: | ||
+ | Last checked: | ||
+ | Check interval: | ||
+ | Lifetime writes: | ||
+ | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
+ | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
+ | First inode: | ||
+ | Inode size: 256 | ||
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
+ | Journal inode: | ||
+ | Default directory hash: | ||
+ | Directory Hash Seed: 6bf0e2d7-9fb0-4c7b-8d32-b0ca3113c0cd | ||
+ | Journal backup: | ||
+ | Checksum type: crc32c | ||
+ | Checksum: | ||
+ | Journal features: | ||
+ | Total journal size: 8M | ||
+ | Total journal blocks: | ||
+ | Max transaction length: | ||
+ | Fast commit length: | ||
+ | Journal sequence: | ||
+ | Journal start: | ||
+ | |||
--More-- | --More-- | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4116: | Ligne 4525: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mount: /mnt/sdb11: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb11, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.. | + | mount: /mnt/sdb11: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb11, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4129: | Ligne 4538: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
/dev/sdb11 on /mnt/sdb11 type ext4 (rw, | /dev/sdb11 on /mnt/sdb11 type ext4 (rw, | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4139: | Ligne 4548: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ===LAB #17 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4=== | + | ===14.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4=== |
Créez un système de fichiers ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 : | Créez un système de fichiers ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 : | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
/dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | /dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | ||
- | created on Wed Jun 2 08:10:40 2021 | + | |
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | ||
- | Filesystem UUID: b73322d4-f2e4-43bc-96ae-422d4584f3de | + | Filesystem UUID: aed27e98-82d1-4a9d-a072-5f73162e8f4c |
Superblock backups stored on blocks: | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | + | |
Allocating group tables: done | Allocating group tables: done | ||
Ligne 4163: | Ligne 4573: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
total 12 | total 12 | ||
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jun 2 08:42 lost+found | + | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 24 08:38 lost+found |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4173: | Ligne 4583: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4179: | Ligne 4589: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4187: | Ligne 4597: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
- | /dev/sdb12: clean, 12/51200 files, | + | /dev/sdb12: clean, 12/51200 files, |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4195: | Ligne 4605: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4202: | Ligne 4612: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes | Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes | ||
Pass 2: Checking directory structure | Pass 2: Checking directory structure | ||
Ligne 4212: | Ligne 4622: | ||
| | ||
/dev/sdb12: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** | /dev/sdb12: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** | ||
- | /dev/sdb12: 12/51200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), | + | /dev/sdb12: 12/51200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4218: | Ligne 4628: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4225: | Ligne 4635: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | total 14 | + | total 13 |
- | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11 Jun 2 08:45 check_file | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11 Oct 24 08:39 check_file |
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jun 2 08:42 lost+found | + | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 24 08:38 lost+found |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
check file | check file | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4239: | Ligne 4649: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) |
- | Filesystem UUID: | + | Filesystem UUID: |
</ | </ | ||
- | ====XFS==== | + | ====LAB #15 - XFS==== |
XFS est un système de fichiers 64-bit journalisé de haute performance crée par SGI pour son système d' | XFS est un système de fichiers 64-bit journalisé de haute performance crée par SGI pour son système d' | ||
Ligne 4258: | Ligne 4668: | ||
Pour plus d' | Pour plus d' | ||
- | ===LAB #18 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS=== | + | ===15.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS=== |
Démontez **/ | Démontez **/ | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4269: | Ligne 4679: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
+ | Filesystem should be larger than 300MB. | ||
+ | Log size should be at least 64MB. | ||
+ | Support for filesystems like this one is deprecated and they will not be supported in future releases. | ||
meta-data=/ | meta-data=/ | ||
| | ||
| | ||
- | | + | |
data | data | ||
| | ||
Ligne 4280: | Ligne 4693: | ||
| | ||
realtime =none | realtime =none | ||
+ | Discarding blocks...Done. | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4285: | Ligne 4699: | ||
**Important** - Notez l' | **Important** - Notez l' | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.xfs --help | ||
- | mkfs.xfs: invalid option -- ' | ||
- | unknown option -- | ||
- | Usage: mkfs.xfs | ||
- | /* blocksize */ [-b size=num] | ||
- | /* metadata */ [-m crc=0|1, | ||
- | /* data subvol */ [-d agcount=n, | ||
- | (sunit=value, | ||
- | sectsize=num | ||
- | /* force overwrite */ [-f] | ||
- | /* inode size */ [-i log=n|perblock=n|size=num, | ||
- | projid32bit=0|1, | ||
- | /* no discard */ [-K] | ||
- | /* log subvol */ [-l agnum=n, | ||
- | sunit=value|su=num, | ||
- | /* label */ [-L label (maximum 12 characters)] | ||
- | /* naming */ [-n size=num, | ||
- | /* no-op info only */ [-N] | ||
- | /* prototype file */ [-p fname] | ||
- | /* quiet */ [-q] | ||
- | /* realtime subvol */ [-r extsize=num, | ||
- | /* sectorsize */ [-s size=num] | ||
- | /* version */ [-V] | ||
- | devicename | ||
- | < | ||
- | <num> is xxx (bytes), xxxs (sectors), xxxb (fs blocks), xxxk (xxx KiB), | ||
- | xxxm (xxx MiB), xxxg (xxx GiB), xxxt (xxx TiB) or xxxp (xxx PiB). | ||
- | < | ||
- | </ | ||
Consultez maintenant les caractéristiques du système de fichier : | Consultez maintenant les caractéristiques du système de fichier : | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
meta-data=/ | meta-data=/ | ||
| | ||
| | ||
- | | + | |
data | data | ||
| | ||
Ligne 4335: | Ligne 4716: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | ===15.2 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS=== |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_info --help | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | Usage: xfs_info [-V] [-t mtab] [mountpoint|device|file] | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #19 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS=== | + | |
Utilisez la commande **xfs_admin** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | Utilisez la commande **xfs_admin** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin -L my_xfs / | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | xfs_admin: /dev/sdb12 contains a mounted filesystem | + | |
- | + | ||
- | fatal error -- couldn' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
writing all SBs | writing all SBs | ||
new label = " | new label = " | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
- | **Important** - Notez que la partition XFS doit être démonté pour pouvoir utiliser la commande **xfs_admin**. | ||
- | </ | ||
Pour voir l' | Pour voir l' | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | root@redhat9 |
label = " | label = " | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4374: | Ligne 4736: | ||
**Important** - Notez que l' | **Important** - Notez que l' | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin --help | ||
- | / | ||
- | Usage: xfs_admin [-efjlpuV] [-c 0|1] [-L label] [-U uuid] device | ||
- | </ | ||
Dernièrement, | Dernièrement, | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | UUID = 15db1b62-0866-4aa4-9ac1-3ac325a4e20f | + | UUID = 0b61a609-6997-4c63-9de9-d3d316c4d5d7 |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4440: | Ligne 4794: | ||
| Change the label on a filesystem | e2label | e2label | xfs_admin | reiserfstune | jfs_tune | btrfs filesystem label | | | Change the label on a filesystem | e2label | e2label | xfs_admin | reiserfstune | jfs_tune | btrfs filesystem label | | ||
- | =====LAB #20 - Créer un Système de Fichiers ISO===== | + | =====LAB #16 - Créer un Système de Fichiers ISO===== |
- | ====La Commande mkisofs==== | + | ====16.1 - La Commande mkisofs==== |
Pour créer un fichier ISO à partir d'une arborescence de fichiers, il convient d' | Pour créer un fichier ISO à partir d'une arborescence de fichiers, il convient d' | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
- | I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | Total translation table size: 1827 | + | bash: mkisofs: command not found... |
- | Total rockridge attributes bytes: 1976 | + | Install package ' |
- | Total directory | + | |
- | Path table size(bytes): 122 | + | |
- | Max brk space used 1c000 | + | * Waiting in queue... |
- | 186 extents written (0 MB) | + | * Loading list of packages.... |
+ | The following packages have to be installed: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Proceed with changes? [N/y] y | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | * Waiting | ||
+ | * Waiting for authentication... | ||
+ | * Waiting in queue... | ||
+ | * Downloading packages... | ||
+ | * Requesting data... | ||
+ | * Testing changes... | ||
+ | * Installing packages... | ||
+ | xorriso 1.5.4 : RockRidge filesystem manipulator, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Drive current: -outdev ' | ||
+ | Media current: stdio file, overwriteable | ||
+ | Media status : is blank | ||
+ | Media summary: 0 sessions, 0 data blocks, 0 data, 37.0g free | ||
+ | xorriso : NOTE : -as genisofs: Ignored option ' | ||
+ | Added to ISO image: | ||
+ | xorriso | ||
+ | xorriso | ||
+ | ISO image produced: 202 sectors | ||
+ | Written to medium : 202 sectors at LBA 0 | ||
+ | Writing to ' | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4461: | Ligne 4843: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mount: /mnt: WARNING: | + | mount: /mnt: WARNING: |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
- | systemd-private-192104a9224f499286f5adb5754e9e04-chronyd.service-FI2YXs | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | copy.html |
- | systemd-private-192104a9224f499286f5adb5754e9e04-chronyd.service-FI2YXs | + | dbus-59XI29LyuI |
+ | dbus-K54lUGWRFp | ||
+ | dbus-pLIWTki5B4 | ||
+ | dbus-UpdINCi7Cg | ||
+ | file1 systemd-private-aea59c32b8804212a7e18c402fe2ec29-ModemManager.service-yO8983 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
+ | copy.html | ||
+ | dbus-59XI29LyuI | ||
+ | dbus-K54lUGWRFp | ||
+ | dbus-pLIWTki5B4 | ||
+ | dbus-UpdINCi7Cg | ||
+ | file1 systemd-private-aea59c32b8804212a7e18c402fe2ec29-power-profiles-daemon.service-NoPIRE | ||
+ | file2 systemd-private-aea59c32b8804212a7e18c402fe2ec29-rtkit-daemon.service-RLivCo | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4472: | Ligne 4867: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4481: | Ligne 4877: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | Usage: | + | Usage: |
+ | Note: This is not mkisofs. See xorriso -help, xorriso -version, man xorrisofs | ||
Options: | Options: | ||
- | -nobak | ||
- | -no-bak | ||
- | -abstract FILE Set Abstract filename | ||
- | -A ID, -appid ID Set Application ID | ||
- | -biblio FILE Set Bibliographic filename | ||
- | -cache-inodes | ||
- | -no-cache-inodes | ||
- | -check-oldnames | ||
- | -check-session FILE Check all ISO9660 names from previous session | ||
- | -copyright FILE Set Copyright filename | ||
- | -debug | ||
- | -b FILE, -eltorito-boot FILE | ||
- | Set El Torito boot image name | ||
- | -e FILE, -efi-boot FILE Set EFI boot image name | ||
- | -eltorito-alt-boot | ||
- | -B FILES, -sparc-boot FILES Set sparc boot image names | ||
- | -sunx86-boot FILES Set sunx86 boot image names | ||
- | -G FILE, -generic-boot FILE Set generic boot image name | ||
- | -sparc-label label text Set sparc boot disk label | ||
- | -sunx86-label label text Set sunx86 boot disk label | ||
- | -c FILE, -eltorito-catalog FILE | ||
- | Set El Torito boot catalog name | ||
- | -C PARAMS, -cdrecord-params PARAMS | ||
- | Magic paramters from cdrecord | ||
- | -d, -omit-period | ||
- | -dir-mode mode Make the mode of all directories this mode. | ||
- | -D, -disable-deep-relocation | ||
- | Disable deep directory relocation (violates ISO9660) | ||
- | -file-mode mode Make the mode of all plain files this mode. | ||
-f, -follow-links | -f, -follow-links | ||
- | -gid gid Make the group owner of all files this gid. | ||
-graft-points | -graft-points | ||
- | -root DIR Set root directory for all new files and directories | ||
- | -old-root DIR Set root directory in previous session that is searched for files | ||
-help Print option help | -help Print option help | ||
+ | -hfsplus | ||
+ | -hfsplus-file-creator-type CREATOR TYPE iso_rr_path | ||
+ | Attach creator and type to a File | ||
+ | -hfs-bless FOLDER_NAME | ||
+ | -hfs-bless-by BLESS_TYPE ISO_RR_PATH | ||
+ | Bless ISO_RR_PATH by BLESS_TYPE {p,i,s,9,x} | ||
+ | -hfsplus-serial-no HEXSTRING | ||
+ | HFS serial number: 16 characters [0-9a-fA-F] | ||
+ | -hfsplus-block-size NUMBER | ||
+ | -apm-block-size NUMBER | ||
-hide GLOBFILE | -hide GLOBFILE | ||
-hide-list FILE File with list of ISO9660/RR files to hide | -hide-list FILE File with list of ISO9660/RR files to hide | ||
- | -hidden GLOBFILE | ||
- | -hidden-list FILE File with list of ISO9660 files with hidden attribute | ||
-hide-joliet GLOBFILE | -hide-joliet GLOBFILE | ||
-hide-joliet-list FILE File with list of Joliet files to hide | -hide-joliet-list FILE File with list of Joliet files to hide | ||
- | -hide-joliet-trans-tbl | + | -hide-hfsplus GLOBFILE |
- | -hide-rr-moved Rename RR_MOVED | + | -hide-hfsplus-list FILE File with list of HFS+ files to hide |
- | -gui Switch behaviour for GUI | + | |
- | -i ADD_FILES | + | |
-input-charset CHARSET | -input-charset CHARSET | ||
-output-charset CHARSET | -output-charset CHARSET | ||
-iso-level LEVEL Set ISO9660 conformance level (1..3) or 4 for ISO9660 version 2 | -iso-level LEVEL Set ISO9660 conformance level (1..3) or 4 for ISO9660 version 2 | ||
+ | -disallow_dir_id_ext | ||
-J, -joliet | -J, -joliet | ||
-joliet-long | -joliet-long | ||
- | -jcharset CHARSET | + | -joliet-utf16 |
+ | -U, -untranslated-filenames Allow Untranslated filenames (for HPUX & AIX - violates ISO9660). | ||
+ | -untranslated_name_len LEN Allow up to LEN (1..96) name characters (heavily violates ISO9660). | ||
+ | -allow-lowercase | ||
+ | -relaxed-filenames | ||
+ | -d, -omit-period | ||
-l, -full-iso9660-filenames Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names | -l, -full-iso9660-filenames Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names | ||
-max-iso9660-filenames | -max-iso9660-filenames | ||
- | -allow-limited-size Allow different file sizes in ISO9660/UDF on large files | + | -N, -omit-version-number |
- | -allow-leading-dots Allow ISO9660 filenames to start with ' | + | -D, -disable-deep-relocation |
- | -ldots Allow ISO9660 filenames | + | Disable deep directory relocation |
- | -L, -allow-leading-dots | + | -hide-rr-moved |
- | -log-file LOG_FILE | + | -rr_reloc_dir NAME Set deep directory relocation target in root |
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -o FILE, -output FILE Set output | ||
-m GLOBFILE, -exclude GLOBFILE | -m GLOBFILE, -exclude GLOBFILE | ||
Exclude file name | Exclude file name | ||
+ | -x FILE, -old-exclude FILE Exclude file name | ||
-exclude-list FILE File with list of file names to exclude | -exclude-list FILE File with list of file names to exclude | ||
- | -pad Pad output | + | -pad Pad output |
- | -no-pad | + | -no-pad |
-M FILE, -prev-session FILE Set path to previous session to merge | -M FILE, -prev-session FILE Set path to previous session to merge | ||
- | -dev SCSIdev | + | -C PARAMS, -cdrecord-params PARAMS |
- | -N, -omit-version-number | + | Magic paramters |
- | | + | -dir-mode mode Make the mode of all directories |
- | -force-rr | + | -file-mode mode Make the mode of all plain files this mode. |
- | -no-rr | + | |
- | -no-split-symlink-components | + | |
- | Inhibit splitting symlink components | + | |
- | -no-split-symlink-fields | + | |
- | -o FILE, -output FILE Set output file name | + | |
-path-list FILE File with list of pathnames to process | -path-list FILE File with list of pathnames to process | ||
- | -p PREP, -preparer PREP | + | --quoted_path_list FILE |
-print-size | -print-size | ||
- | -publisher PUB Set Volume publisher | ||
- | -P PUB, -publisher PUB Set Volume publisher | ||
-quiet | -quiet | ||
- | -r, -rational-rock | + | -gui Switch behaviour for GUI |
-R, -rock | -R, -rock | ||
- | -s TYPE, -sectype TYPE | + | -r, -rational-rock |
- | -alpha-boot FILE Set alpha boot image name (relative to image root) | + | --norock |
- | -hppa-cmdline CMDLINE | + | -file_name_limit LEN |
- | -hppa-kernel-32 FILE | + | --hardlinks |
- | -hppa-kernel-64 FILE | + | --acl |
- | -hppa-bootloader | + | --xattr |
- | -hppa-ramdisk | + | --xattr-any |
- | -mips-boot | + | --md5 |
- | -mipsel-boot FILE Set mipsel boot image name (relative to image root) | + | --scdbackup_tag PATH NAME With --md5 record a scdbackup checksum tag |
+ | --for_backup | ||
+ | -V ID, -volid ID Set Volume ID | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -A ID, -appid ID | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -p PREP, -preparer PREP Set Volume preparer | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -biblio | ||
+ | -copyright | ||
+ | --application_use CHAR|PATH | ||
-jigdo-jigdo FILE | -jigdo-jigdo FILE | ||
-jigdo-template FILE Produce a jigdo .template file as well as the .iso | -jigdo-template FILE Produce a jigdo .template file as well as the .iso | ||
-jigdo-min-file-size SIZE | -jigdo-min-file-size SIZE | ||
- | -jigdo-force-md5 PATTERN | + | -jigdo-force-checksum PTRN |
+ | -jigdo-force-md5 PATTERN | ||
-jigdo-exclude PATTERN | -jigdo-exclude PATTERN | ||
-jigdo-map PATTERN1=PATTERN2 | -jigdo-map PATTERN1=PATTERN2 | ||
Pattern(s) to map paths (e.g. Debian=/ | Pattern(s) to map paths (e.g. Debian=/ | ||
- | -md5-list FILE File containing | + | -checksum-list FILE |
+ | -md5-list FILE Outdated alias of -checksum-list | ||
+ | -jigdo-checksum-algorithm ALGORITHM | ||
+ | Choose algorithm for file matching checksums: md5, sha256 | ||
+ | Expected in the -checksum-list FILE, written into .jigdo file. | ||
-jigdo-template-compress ALGORITHM | -jigdo-template-compress ALGORITHM | ||
Choose to use gzip or bzip2 compression for template data; default is gzip | Choose to use gzip or bzip2 compression for template data; default is gzip | ||
-checksum_algorithm_iso alg1, | -checksum_algorithm_iso alg1, | ||
- | Specify the checksum types desired for the output image | + | Specify the checksum types desired for the output image (in .jigdo) |
-checksum_algorithm_template alg1, | -checksum_algorithm_template alg1, | ||
Specify the checksum types desired for the output jigdo template | Specify the checksum types desired for the output jigdo template | ||
- | -sort FILE Sort file content locations according to rules in FILE | + | -eltorito-platform |
- | | + | -b FILE, -eltorito-boot FILE |
- | -stream-file-name FILE_NAME | + | Set El Torito boot image name |
- | -stream-media-size # Set the size of your CD media in sectors | + | -eltorito-alt-boot Start specifying alternative El Torito boot parameters |
- | | + | --efi-boot FILE Set El Torito EFI boot image name and type |
- | -T, -translation-table Generate translation tables for systems that don't understand long filenames | + | -e FILE Set EFI boot image name (more rawly) |
- | -table-name TABLE_NAME | + | -c FILE, -eltorito-catalog FILE |
- | -ucs-level LEVEL | + | Set El Torito boot catalog name |
- | -udf Generate UDF file system | + | --boot-catalog-hide Hide boot catalog from ISO9660/RR and Joliet |
- | | + | -boot-load-size # |
- | -uid uid Make the owner of all files this uid. | + | |
- | -U, -untranslated-filenames Allow Untranslated filenames (for HPUX & AIX - violates | + | |
- | -relaxed-filenames | + | |
- | -no-iso-translate | + | |
- | -allow-lowercase | + | |
- | -allow-multidot | + | |
- | -use-fileversion LEVEL Use file version # from filesystem | + | |
- | -v, -verbose | + | |
- | -version | + | |
- | -V ID, -volid ID Set Volume ID | + | |
- | -volset ID Set Volume set ID | + | |
- | -volset-size # Set Volume set size | + | |
- | -volset-seqno # Set Volume set sequence number | + | |
- | -x FILE, -old-exclude FILE Exclude file name(depreciated) | + | |
-hard-disk-boot | -hard-disk-boot | ||
-no-emul-boot | -no-emul-boot | ||
- | -no-boot | ||
- | -boot-load-seg # Set load segment for boot image | ||
- | -boot-load-size # Set numbers of load sectors | ||
-boot-info-table | -boot-info-table | ||
- | -XA | + | --grub2-boot-info |
- | -xa | + | -eltorito-id ID Set El Torito Id String |
+ | -eltorito-selcrit HEXBYTES | ||
+ | -isohybrid-gpt-basdat | ||
+ | -isohybrid-gpt-hfsplus | ||
+ | -isohybrid-apm-hfsplus | ||
+ | -part_like_isohybrid | ||
+ | -iso_mbr_part_type | ||
+ | or type GUID if a GPT ISO partition emerges. | ||
+ | --gpt_disk_guid GUID Set GPT disk GUID or choose automatic GUID | ||
+ | -G FILE, -generic-boot FILE Set generic boot image name | ||
+ | --embedded-boot FILE Alias of -G | ||
+ | --protective-msdos-label | ||
+ | --mbr-force-bootable | ||
+ | -partition_offset LBA Make image mountable by first partition, too | ||
+ | -partition_sec_hd NUMBER | ||
+ | -partition_hd_cyl NUMBER | ||
+ | -partition_cyl_align MODE | ||
+ | -mips-boot FILE Set mips boot image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -mipsel-boot FILE Set mipsel boot image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -B FILES, -sparc-boot FILES Set sparc boot image names | ||
+ | -sparc-label label text Set sparc boot disk label | ||
+ | -hppa-cmdline CMDLINE | ||
+ | -hppa-kernel-32 FILE Set hppa 32-bit image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-kernel-64 FILE Set hppa 64-bit image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-bootloader FILE Set hppa boot loader file name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-ramdisk FILE Set hppa ramdisk file name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-hdrversion NUMBER | ||
+ | -alpha-boot FILE Set alpha boot image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | --grub2-sparc-core FILE Set path of core file for disk label patching | ||
+ | -efi-boot-part DISKFILE|--efi-boot-image | ||
+ | Set data source for EFI System Partition | ||
+ | -chrp-boot-part | ||
+ | -chrp-boot | ||
+ | -prep-boot-part DISKFILE | ||
+ | -append_partition NUMBER TYPE FILE | ||
+ | Append FILE after image. TYPE is hex: 0x.. or | ||
+ | a GUID to be used if -appended_part_as_gpt. | ||
+ | -appended_part_as_gpt | ||
+ | -appended_part_as_apm | ||
+ | --modification-date=YYYYMMDDhhmmsscc | ||
+ | Override date of creation and modification | ||
+ | --set_all_file_dates TIME | ||
+ | -isohybrid-mbr FILE Set SYSLINUX mbr/ | ||
+ | --grub2-mbr FILE Set GRUB2 MBR for boot image address patching | ||
+ | --sort-weight NUMBER FILE Set LBA weight number to file or file tree | ||
+ | --sort-weight-list DISKFILE Read list of NUMBER FILE pairs for --sort-weight | ||
+ | --sort-weight-patterns DISKFILE | ||
+ | --stdio_sync on|off|number | ||
+ | --no-emul-toc | ||
+ | --emul-toc | ||
+ | --old-empty | ||
-z, -transparent-compression | -z, -transparent-compression | ||
Enable transparent compression of files | Enable transparent compression of files | ||
- | -hfs-type TYPE Set HFS default TYPE | + | --zisofs-version-2 Enable processing of zisofs version 2 files |
- | | + | --zisofs2-susp-z2 |
- | -g, -apple Add Apple ISO9660 extensions | + | --zisofs2-susp-zf |
- | | + | -root DIR |
- | | + | -old-root DIR |
- | -H MAPPING_FILE, | + | --old-root-no-md5 Do not record and use MD5 with -old-root |
- | Map file extensions to HFS TYPE/ | + | --old-root-no-ino Do not use disk inode numbers with -old-root |
- | | + | --old-root-devno Use disk device numbers with -old-root |
- | | + | -log-file LOG_FILE |
- | -mac-name | + | --no_rc Do not execute startup |
- | -no-mac-files | + | -v, -verbose |
- | -boot-hfs-file FILE Set HFS boot image name | + | -version |
- | -part | + | |
- | -cluster-size SIZE Cluster size for PC Exchange Macintosh files | + | |
- | -auto FILE Set HFS AutoStart file name | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -hide-hfs-list FILE List of HFS files to hide | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -root-info FILE | + | |
- | -input-hfs-charset CHARSET | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -hfs-unlock | + | |
- | -hfs-bless FOLDER_NAME | + | |
- | -hfs-parms PARAMETERS | + | |
- | -prep-boot FILE PReP boot image file -- up to 4 are allowed | + | |
- | -chrp-boot Add CHRP boot header | + | |
- | --cap Look for AUFS CAP Macintosh | + | |
- | --netatalk | + | |
- | --double | + | |
- | --ethershare | + | |
- | --exchange | + | |
- | --sgi Look for SGI Macintosh files | + | |
- | --macbin | + | |
- | --single | + | |
- | --ushare | + | |
- | --xinet | + | |
- | --dave | + | |
- | --sfm Look for SFM Macintosh files | + | |
- | --osx-double | + | |
- | --osx-hfs | + | |
- | Report | + | Report |
</ | </ | ||
- | =====Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés sous RedHat 9===== | + | =====LAB #17 - Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés sous RedHat 9===== |
- | ====LAB #21 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS sous RedHat 9===== | + | ====17.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS sous RedHat 9===== |
===Présentation=== | ===Présentation=== | ||
Ligne 4681: | Ligne 5074: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)... | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)... | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...5.7MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...10MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...14MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...18MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...23MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...27MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...31MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...36MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...41MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...45MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...49MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...53MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...57MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...61MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...64MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...68MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...73MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...77MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...81MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...86MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...90MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...94MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...98MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...105MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...108MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...112MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...113MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...117MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...121MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...125MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...129MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...133MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...137MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...141MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...145MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...148MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...152MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...156MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...159MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...163MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...167MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...170MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...174MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...178MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...182MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...187MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...190MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...194MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...198MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...200MiB/ | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4692: | Ligne 5135: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
WARNING! | WARNING! | ||
Ligne 4712: | Ligne 5155: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb12: fenestros123456789 | Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb12: fenestros123456789 | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4719: | Ligne 5162: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4726: | Ligne 5169: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
+ | Filesystem should be larger than 300MB. | ||
+ | Log size should be at least 64MB. | ||
+ | Support for filesystems like this one is deprecated and they will not be supported in future releases. | ||
meta-data=/ | meta-data=/ | ||
| | ||
| | ||
- | | + | |
data | data | ||
| | ||
Ligne 4742: | Ligne 5188: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4748: | Ligne 5194: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | / | + | / |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4755: | Ligne 5201: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
sdb12 /dev/sdb12 none | sdb12 /dev/sdb12 none | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4763: | Ligne 5210: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
# | # | ||
# /etc/fstab | # /etc/fstab | ||
- | # Created by anaconda on Fri May 8 07:35:23 2020 | + | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 |
# | # | ||
# Accessible filesystems, | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
Ligne 4776: | Ligne 5224: | ||
# units generated from this file. | # units generated from this file. | ||
# | # | ||
- | UUID=4c0cc28c-0d59-45be-bd73-d292b80be33c | + | / |
- | UUID=2ae4c035-9244-458c-82c5-a49ae169cdb6 | + | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 |
- | UUID=c8bb3f47-d67f-4b21-b781-766899dc83d4 | + | / |
- | / | + | / |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4785: | Ligne 5233: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
Relabeled /mnt/sdb12 from system_u: | Relabeled /mnt/sdb12 from system_u: | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4804: | Ligne 5252: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [trainee@centos8 | + | [trainee@redhat9 |
Password: fenestros | Password: fenestros | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
Enter any existing passphrase: fenestros123456789 | Enter any existing passphrase: fenestros123456789 | ||
Enter new passphrase for key slot: redhat123456789 | Enter new passphrase for key slot: redhat123456789 | ||
Ligne 4821: | Ligne 5269: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
Enter passphrase to be deleted: redhat123456789 | Enter passphrase to be deleted: redhat123456789 | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Avant de poursuivre, éditez les fichiers **/ | + | ===Supprimer LUKS=== |
+ | |||
+ | Constatez le statut | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount / |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup status sdb12 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | type: LUKS2 | ||
+ | cipher: | ||
+ | keysize: 512 bits | ||
+ | key location: keyring | ||
+ | device: | ||
+ | sector size: 512 | ||
+ | offset: | ||
+ | size: 376832 sectors | ||
+ | mode: read/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Avant de supprimer LUKs, il convient de supprimer la dernière passphrase : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup luksRemoveKey / | ||
+ | Enter passphrase to be deleted: | ||
+ | |||
+ | WARNING! | ||
+ | ======== | ||
+ | This is the last keyslot. Device will become unusable after purging this key. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Are you sure? (Type ' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez maintenant LUKs : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup remove / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez de nouveau le statut : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup status sdb12 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lsblk | ||
+ | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS | ||
+ | sda | ||
+ | ├─sda1 | ||
+ | └─sda2 | ||
+ | ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 | ||
+ | └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm | ||
+ | sdb | ||
+ | ├─sdb1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb3 | ||
+ | ├─sdb4 | ||
+ | ├─sdb5 | ||
+ | ├─sdb6 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb7 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb8 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb9 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb10 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb11 | ||
+ | └─sdb12 | ||
+ | sdc | ||
+ | sdd | ||
+ | sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Editez les fichiers **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
# | # | ||
# /etc/fstab | # /etc/fstab | ||
- | # Created by anaconda on Fri May 8 07:35:23 2020 | + | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 |
# | # | ||
# Accessible filesystems, | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
Ligne 4841: | Ligne 5365: | ||
# units generated from this file. | # units generated from this file. | ||
# | # | ||
- | UUID=4c0cc28c-0d59-45be-bd73-d292b80be33c | + | / |
- | UUID=2ae4c035-9244-458c-82c5-a49ae169cdb6 | + | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 |
- | UUID=c8bb3f47-d67f-4b21-b781-766899dc83d4 | + | / |
+ | </ | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / | + | Supprimez le fichier **/ |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# | + | < |
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | =====Le Swap===== | + | =====LAB #18 - Le Swap===== |
- | ====Taille du swap==== | + | ====18.1 - Taille du swap==== |
- | Le tableau suivant résume la taille du swap recommandée en fonction de la mémoire | + | Le tableau suivant résume la taille du swap recommandée en fonction de la RAM de la machine : |
- | ^ Mémoire | + | ^ RAM ^ Taille du swap ^ Taille du Swap si Hibernation |
- | | 4 Go ou moins | 2 Go | | + | | 2 Go ou moins | 2 * RAM | 3 * RAM | |
- | | 4 Go à 16 Go | 4 Go | | + | | 2 Go à 8 Go | Identique à la RAM | 2 * RAM | |
- | | 16 Go à 64 Go | 8 Go | | + | | 8 Go à 64 Go | Au moins 4 Go | 1.5 * RAM | |
- | | 64 Go à 256 Go | 16 Go | | + | | 64 Go et plus | Au moins 4 Go | Hibernation n'est pas recommendée |
- | ====Partitions de swap==== | + | ====18.2 - Partitions de swap==== |
Une partition de swap peut être créée sur : | Une partition de swap peut être créée sur : | ||
Ligne 4870: | Ligne 5396: | ||
* un Volume Logique | * un Volume Logique | ||
- | ====La Commande swapon==== | + | ====18.3 - La Commande swapon==== |
Pour préparer un espace de swap, il convient d' | Pour préparer un espace de swap, il convient d' | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | Filename Type Size Used Priority | + | Filename |
- | / | + | / |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4889: | Ligne 5415: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
Usage: | Usage: | ||
Ligne 4944: | Ligne 5470: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ====La Commande swapoff==== | + | ====18.4 - La Commande swapoff==== |
Dans le cas de notre exemple, la partition de swap se trouve sur **/ | Dans le cas de notre exemple, la partition de swap se trouve sur **/ | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
+ | [root@redhat9 | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 4957: | Ligne 5484: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
Usage: | Usage: | ||
Ligne 4982: | Ligne 5509: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ====LAB #22 - Créer un Fichier de Swap==== | + | ====18.5 - Créer un Fichier de Swap==== |
Sous Linux, vous pouvez aussi bien utiliser un fichier de swap qu'une partition. La mise en place de ce fichier est faite en utilisant la commande **dd**. | Sous Linux, vous pouvez aussi bien utiliser un fichier de swap qu'une partition. La mise en place de ce fichier est faite en utilisant la commande **dd**. | ||
Ligne 4995: | Ligne 5522: | ||
Dans le cas du fichier swap il convient d' | Dans le cas du fichier swap il convient d' | ||
- | Pour créer votre fichier de swap de 268Mo, appelé **swap**, saisissez la commande suivante : | + | Pour créer votre fichier de swap de 256 MiB, appelé **swap**, saisissez la commande suivante : |
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
256+0 records in | 256+0 records in | ||
256+0 records out | 256+0 records out | ||
- | 268435456 bytes (268 MB, 256 MiB) copied, | + | 268435456 bytes (268 MB, 256 MiB) copied, |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 5007: | Ligne 5534: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | mkswap: /swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. | + | mkswap: /swap: insecure permissions 0644, fix with: chmod 0600 /swap |
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 256 MiB (268431360 bytes) | Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 256 MiB (268431360 bytes) | ||
- | no label, UUID=ee6c9e3f-0712-47b1-8f97-17ba215959d7 | + | no label, UUID=6bc62766-8662-478a-8556-8b17b26fc5ae |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 5016: | Ligne 5543: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
swapon: /swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. | swapon: /swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon /dev/dm-1 | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 5023: | Ligne 5552: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | Filename Type Size Used Priority | + | Filename |
- | /swap file 262140 0 1 | + | /swap |
- | / | + | / |
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 5040: | Ligne 5569: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | [root@centos8 | + | |
- | Filename Type Size Used Priority | + | [root@redhat9 |
- | / | + | Filename |
+ | / | ||
</ | </ | ||
Ligne 5049: | Ligne 5579: | ||
< | < | ||
- | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
rm: remove regular file '/ | rm: remove regular file '/ | ||
</ | </ |