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elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124en:l100 [2024/11/15 08:21] – adminelearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124en:l100 [2024/11/22 17:46] (Version actuelle) – admin
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 Last update : ~~LASTMOD~~ Last update : ~~LASTMOD~~
  
-======RH12401 - File Hierarchy System====== +======RH12401 - File Hierarchy System=====
  
 =====Contents===== =====Contents=====
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   * **RH12401 - File Hierarchy System**   * **RH12401 - File Hierarchy System**
     * Contents     * Contents
 +    * Set Up your Keyboard
     * LAB #1 - Linux File Hierarchy System     * LAB #1 - Linux File Hierarchy System
       * 1.1 - File Types       * 1.1 - File Types
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       * 2.4 - Physical links       * 2.4 - Physical links
       * 2.5 - Symbolic links       * 2.5 - Symbolic links
 +
 +=====Set Up your Keyboard=====
 +
 +The current keyboard layout of the Red Hat 9.4 VM is **fr** :
 +
 +<code>
 +[root@redhat9 ~]# localectl status
 +System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 +    VC Keymap: fr
 +   X11 Layout: fr,us
 +  X11 Variant: ,
 +</code>
 +
 +Find the appropriate keymap for your host PC:
 +
 +<code>
 +[root@redhat9 ~]# localectl list-keymaps
 +ANSI-dvorak
 +adnw
 +al
 +al-plisi
 +amiga-de
 +amiga-us
 +apple-a1048-sv
 +apple-a1243-sv
 +apple-a1243-sv-fn-reverse
 +apple-internal-0x0253-sv
 +apple-internal-0x0253-sv-fn-reverse
 +applkey
 +at
 +at-mac
 +at-nodeadkeys
 +atari-de
 +atari-se
 +atari-uk-falcon
 +atari-us
 +az
 +azerty
 +ba
 +ba-alternatequotes
 +ba-unicode
 +ba-unicodeus
 +ba-us
 +backspace
 +bashkir
 +be
 +be-iso-alternate
 +be-latin1
 +be-nodeadkeys
 +be-oss
 +be-oss_latin9
 +be-wang
 +bg-cp1251
 +bg-cp855
 +bg_bds-cp1251
 +bg_bds-utf8
 +bg_pho-cp1251
 +bg_pho-utf8
 +bone
 +br
 +br-abnt
 +br-abnt2
 +br-dvorak
 +br-latin1-abnt2
 +br-latin1-us
 +br-nativo
 +br-nativo-epo
 +br-nativo-us
 +br-nodeadkeys
 +br-thinkpad
 +by
 +by-cp1251
 +by-latin
 +bywin-cp1251
 +ca
 +lines 1-58
 +</code>
 +
 +Before you start, configure your keyboard accordingly. For example in the case of a **US** layout:
 +
 +<code>
 +[root@redhat9 ~]# localectl set-keymap us
 +
 +[root@redhat9 ~]# localectl status
 +System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 +    VC Keymap: us
 +   X11 Layout: us
 +    X11 Model: pc105+inet
 +  X11 Options: terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
 +</code>
  
 =====LAB #1 - Linux File Hierarchy System===== =====LAB #1 - Linux File Hierarchy System=====
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 | **/bin** | Contains user programs such as ls, cp e.t.c.. Note that under RHEL 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/bin**. | | **/bin** | Contains user programs such as ls, cp e.t.c.. Note that under RHEL 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/bin**. |
 | **/boot** | Contains bootloader files, kernels and initrd (INItial Ram Disk) files. | | **/boot** | Contains bootloader files, kernels and initrd (INItial Ram Disk) files. |
-| **/dev** | Contains nodes for accessing all the peripherals and devices connected to the system. The //udev// binary takes care of dynamically creating and deleting the relevant nodes automatically. |+| **/dev** | Contains device nodes for accessing all the peripherals and devices connected to the system. The //udev// binary takes care of dynamically creating and deleting the relevant device nodes automatically. |
 | **/etc** | Contains static configuration files. | | **/etc** | Contains static configuration files. |
 | **/home** | Contains a directory for each registered user of the system except for root. | | **/home** | Contains a directory for each registered user of the system except for root. |
-| **/lib** | Contains common 32 bit libraries for applications and modules. Note that under RHEL 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/lib**. | +| **/lib** | Contains shared 32 bit libraries for applications and modules. Note that under RHEL 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/lib**. | 
-| **/lib64** | Contains common 64 bit libraries for applications and modules. Note that under RHEL 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/lib64**. |+| **/lib64** | Contains shared 64 bit libraries for applications and modules. Note that under RHEL 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/lib64**. |
 | **/media** | Contains a folder for each of the mounted external file systems (CDRom DVDRom, USB Key e.t.c.). | | **/media** | Contains a folder for each of the mounted external file systems (CDRom DVDRom, USB Key e.t.c.). |
 | **/mnt** | Contains a folder for each external file system mounted temporarily by root. | | **/mnt** | Contains a folder for each external file system mounted temporarily by root. |
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 | **/root** | The home directory of the root user. | | **/root** | The home directory of the root user. |
 | **/run** | Replaces the /var/run directory. Note that under RHEL 9, /var/run is a soft link (shorcut) to **/run**. | | **/run** | Replaces the /var/run directory. Note that under RHEL 9, /var/run is a soft link (shorcut) to **/run**. |
-| **/sbin** | Contains essential system administration binaires. Note that under 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/sbin**. |+| **/sbin** | Contains essential system administration binaries. Note that under 9, this is a soft link (shortcut) to **/usr/sbin**. |
 | **/srv** | Contains site specific data **s**e**r****v**ed by the system (www,ftp,databases e.t.c.). |  | **/srv** | Contains site specific data **s**e**r****v**ed by the system (www,ftp,databases e.t.c.). | 
 | **/sys** | Contains a virtual file system that describes devices for //udev//. | | **/sys** | Contains a virtual file system that describes devices for //udev//. |
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 | **/usr** | Contains user commands in ///usr/bin//, HOWTOs in ///usr/share/doc//, manuals in ///usr/share/man// and is the //Secondary Hierarchy// for read-only user data. | | **/usr** | Contains user commands in ///usr/bin//, HOWTOs in ///usr/share/doc//, manuals in ///usr/share/man// and is the //Secondary Hierarchy// for read-only user data. |
 | **/var** | Contains variable files. i.e. files that continually change such as log files and spool files. | | **/var** | Contains variable files. i.e. files that continually change such as log files and spool files. |
 +
 +Graphically, this can be represented as follows ("Standard-unix-filesystem-hierarchy.svg" by Ppgardne, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0):
 +
 +{{ :elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124en:standard-unix-filesystem-hierarchy.png |}}
  
 ====1.1 - File Types==== ====1.1 - File Types====
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 ====2.3 - Data blocks==== ====2.3 - Data blocks====
  
-Data is stored in data blocks. In the case of a directory, the data block contains a table which references the inodes and file names in the directory. This table is called a **catalogue table**.+Data is stored in data blocks. In the case of a directory, the data block contains a table which references the inodes and file names in the directory. This table is called a **catalog table**.
  
-The name of a file is not stored in the inode but in a **catalogue table**. This feature allows us to give two different names to the same file. To add a new name to a file, a **physical link** must be created.+The name of a file is not stored in the inode but in a **catalog table**. This feature allows us to give two different names to the same file. To add a new name to a file, a **physical link** must be created.
  
 ====2.4 - Physical (hard) links==== ====2.4 - Physical (hard) links====
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 <WRAP center round important 60%> <WRAP center round important 60%>
-**Important**: A symbolic link can be created even if the two files are in two different filesystems and even if the source file does not exist.+**Important**: A symbolic link can be created even if the two files are in two different file systems and even if the source file does not exist.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ----- -----
 Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris. Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris.

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