Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124:l111 [2024/09/26 11:50] – created admin | elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124:l111 [2024/09/26 13:19] (Version actuelle) – admin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligne 5: | Ligne 5: | ||
| Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
| - | ======RH12412 - Gestion | + | ======RH12412 - Gestion |
| =====Contenu du Module===== | =====Contenu du Module===== | ||
| - | * **RH12412 - Gestion | + | * **RH12412 - Gestion |
| * Contenu du Module | * Contenu du Module | ||
| - | * Présentation | ||
| - | * BIOS, EFI et OpenFirmware | ||
| - | * Systèmes à base du BIOS | ||
| - | * Charger de Démarrage | ||
| - | * Systèmes à base de l'EFI | ||
| - | * Autres Systèmes | ||
| - | * Gestionnaire d' | ||
| - | * GRUB 2 | ||
| - | * Le fichier / | ||
| - | * Le fichier / | ||
| - | * Les fichiers du répertoire /etc/grub.d | ||
| - | * Configurer l' | ||
| - | * Modifier la Configuration de GRUB 2 en Ligne de Commande | ||
| - | * Chargeurs de Démarrages Alternatifs | ||
| - | * Systemd-boot | ||
| - | * U-boot | ||
| - | * Le Projet Syslinux | ||
| - | * SYSLINUX | ||
| - | * EXTLINUX | ||
| - | * ISOLINUX | ||
| - | * PXELINUX | ||
| - | * Isodhpfx | ||
| - | * Initramfs | ||
| - | * Examiner l' | ||
| - | * Le script init | ||
| - | * Consulter le contenu d'un fichier dans initramfs | ||
| - | * Processus de Démarrage du Noyau Linux | ||
| - | * Processus Init | ||
| * Systemd | * Systemd | ||
| * LAB #1 - La Commande systemctl | * LAB #1 - La Commande systemctl | ||
| Ligne 52: | Ligne 24: | ||
| * 5.2 - Gestion d' | * 5.2 - Gestion d' | ||
| * 5.3 - Interdire la Modification du Statut d'un Service | * 5.3 - Interdire la Modification du Statut d'un Service | ||
| - | * Arrêt Système du Système | ||
| - | * La Commande shutdown | ||
| - | * La Commande reboot | ||
| - | * La Commande halt | ||
| - | * La Commande poweroff | ||
| - | |||
| - | =====Présentation===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le processus de démarrage de Linux peut être résumé en trois étapes majeurs : | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Le **firmware** ou **micrologiciel** démarre en effectuant un test rapide du matériel, appelé un **Power-On Self Test** ou **POST**, puis recherche le **Charger de Démarrage** (// | ||
| - | * Le Charger de Démarrage est exécuté et il détermine quel noyau Linux à charger, | ||
| - | * Le noyau se charge en mémoire et commence à exécuter en arrière plan les programmes nécessaires au fonctionnement du système. | ||
| - | |||
| - | <WRAP center round tip 60%> | ||
| - | **A retenir** : Il est possible de consulter le défilement des messages lors du démarrage en appuyant sur la touche < | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Cette description simpliste résume cependant un processus bien plus compliqué que ce cours va détailler. | ||
| - | |||
| - | =====BIOS, EFI et OpenFirmware===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Systèmes à base du BIOS==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Au démarrage d'un système à base d'un processeur x86 ou x86-64, le premier programme exécuté a été traditionnellement le BIOS. Le BIOS a pour fonction de : | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Tester les composants et les circuits, | ||
| - | * Faire appel au BIOS de la carte graphique pour initialiser le système d' | ||
| - | * Détecter les périphériques de stockage, | ||
| - | * Lancer le **Charger de Démarrage** du système d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Chargeur de Démarrage=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | La première partie du Chargeur de Démarrage est en règle générale placé dans le MBR du disque. Le format du MBR est le suivant : | ||
| - | |||
| - | * 446 octets pour le Charger de Démarrage, | ||
| - | * 64 octets pour la table de partitions, soit 16 octets par partition décrite, | ||
| - | * 2 octets ayant une valeur fixe en hexadécimale de **AA55**. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Systèmes à base de l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Depuis 2011, le BIOS est en train d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Sous EFI la première partie du gestionnaire de démarrage est un fichier ayant une extension .efi se trouvant dans un sous-répertoire au nom du système d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Pour que EFI fonctionne, le micrologiciel (**firmware**) d'EFI doit avoir connaissance de chaque système d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | <WRAP center round tip 60%> | ||
| - | **A retenir** : Sous Linux c'est l' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
| - | **Important** : L'UEFI gère les **SSD** (//Solid State Drives//) qui utilisent le standard **NVMe** (// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Autres Systèmes==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les systèmes utilisant des processeurs autre qu'un x86 ou x86-64 utilisent un logiciel tel **[[http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | =====Gestionnaires de Démarrage===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====GRUB 2==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | GRUB 2 est une ré-écriture complète de GRUB Legacy. Il apporte des améliorations, | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le lancement de GRUB 2 se fait en trois étapes : | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Etape 1 : Le **boot.img**, | ||
| - | * Etape 1.5 : Le **core.img**, | ||
| - | * Etape 2 : Contenu dans le répertoire **/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dans le cas où le Charger de Démarrage **GRUB 2** n'est pas installé, il convient de saisir la commande suivante : | ||
| - | |||
| - | # grub2-install / | ||
| - | |||
| - | où **périphérique** est le nom du périphérique ou l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | **GRUB 2** lit ses entrées de menus à partir du fichier **/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates | ||
| - | # from /etc/grub.d and settings from / | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | set pager=1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | if [ -f ${config_directory}/ | ||
| - | load_env -f ${config_directory}/ | ||
| - | elif [ -s $prefix/ | ||
| - | load_env | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | if [ " | ||
| - | set default=" | ||
| - | set next_entry= | ||
| - | | ||
| - | set boot_once=true | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | set default=" | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | |||
| - | if [ x" | ||
| - | menuentry_id_option=" | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | menuentry_id_option="" | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | |||
| - | export menuentry_id_option | ||
| - | |||
| - | if [ " | ||
| - | set saved_entry=" | ||
| - | save_env saved_entry | ||
| - | set prev_saved_entry= | ||
| - | save_env prev_saved_entry | ||
| - | set boot_once=true | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | |||
| - | function savedefault { | ||
| - | if [ -z " | ||
| - | saved_entry=" | ||
| - | save_env saved_entry | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | } | ||
| - | |||
| - | function load_video { | ||
| - | if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then | ||
| - | insmod all_video | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | insmod efi_gop | ||
| - | insmod efi_uga | ||
| - | insmod ieee1275_fb | ||
| - | insmod vbe | ||
| - | insmod vga | ||
| - | insmod video_bochs | ||
| - | insmod video_cirrus | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | } | ||
| - | |||
| - | terminal_output console | ||
| - | if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then | ||
| - | set timeout_style=menu | ||
| - | set timeout=5 | ||
| - | # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is | ||
| - | # unavailable. | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | set timeout=5 | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | set tuned_params="" | ||
| - | set tuned_initrd="" | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | if [ " | ||
| - | set last_boot_ok=1 | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | set last_boot_ok=0 | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | |||
| - | # Reset boot_indeterminate after a successful boot | ||
| - | if [ " | ||
| - | set boot_indeterminate=0 | ||
| - | # Avoid boot_indeterminate causing the menu to be hidden more then once | ||
| - | elif [ " | ||
| - | set boot_indeterminate=2 | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | set boot_success=0 | ||
| - | save_env boot_success boot_indeterminate | ||
| - | |||
| - | if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then | ||
| - | if [ " | ||
| - | unset menu_show_once | ||
| - | save_env menu_show_once | ||
| - | set timeout_style=menu | ||
| - | set timeout=60 | ||
| - | elif [ " | ||
| - | set orig_timeout_style=${timeout_style} | ||
| - | set orig_timeout=${timeout} | ||
| - | if [ " | ||
| - | # timeout_style=menu + timeout=0 avoids the countdown code keypress check | ||
| - | set timeout_style=menu | ||
| - | set timeout=0 | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | set timeout_style=hidden | ||
| - | set timeout=1 | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | if [ -f ${prefix}/ | ||
| - | source ${prefix}/ | ||
| - | if [ -n " | ||
| - | set superusers=" | ||
| - | export superusers | ||
| - | password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD} | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | insmod part_msdos | ||
| - | insmod ext2 | ||
| - | set root=' | ||
| - | if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then | ||
| - | search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0, | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2ae4c035-9244-458c-82c5-a49ae169cdb6 | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | insmod part_msdos | ||
| - | insmod ext2 | ||
| - | set boot=' | ||
| - | if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then | ||
| - | search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=boot --hint-bios=hd0, | ||
| - | else | ||
| - | search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=boot 2ae4c035-9244-458c-82c5-a49ae169cdb6 | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | |||
| - | # This section was generated by a script. Do not modify the generated file - all changes | ||
| - | # will be lost the next time file is regenerated. Instead edit the BootLoaderSpec files. | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # The blscfg command parses the BootLoaderSpec files stored in / | ||
| - | # populates the boot menu. Please refer to the Boot Loader Specification documentation | ||
| - | # for the files format: https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | set default_kernelopts=" | ||
| - | |||
| - | insmod blscfg | ||
| - | blscfg | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. | ||
| - | # menu entries you want to add after this comment. | ||
| - | # the 'exec tail' line above. | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ### BEGIN / | ||
| - | if [ -f ${config_directory}/ | ||
| - | source ${config_directory}/ | ||
| - | elif [ -z " | ||
| - | source $prefix/ | ||
| - | fi | ||
| - | ### END / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Notez que ce fichier ne doit pas être modifié manuellement. En effet, il est généré par la commande **grub2-mkconfig**. La commande grub2-mkconfig prend en argument l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * grub2-mkconfig -o / | ||
| - | * grub2-mkconfig -o / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Lors de l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Le fichier / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | ||
| - | # this device map was generated by anaconda | ||
| - | (hd0) /dev/sda | ||
| - | (hd1) /dev/sda | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Le fichier / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ce fichier contient la configuration par défaut des paramètres de GRUB 2 : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | ||
| - | GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 | ||
| - | GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=" | ||
| - | GRUB_DEFAULT=saved | ||
| - | GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true | ||
| - | GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT=" | ||
| - | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=" | ||
| - | GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY=" | ||
| - | GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
| - | **Important** : Notez que toute modification de ce fichier nécessite l' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dans ce fichier les directives sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Directive | ||
| - | | GRUB_TIMEOUT | Durée de l' | ||
| - | | GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR | Ligne de commande qui génère le texte de l' | ||
| - | | GRUB_DEFAULT | Entrée du menu sélectionner par défaut | | ||
| - | | GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU | Active ou désactive les sous-menus de GRUB2 | | ||
| - | | GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT | Spécifie le terminal par défaut | | ||
| - | | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX | Paramètres passés au noyau peu importe le type de démarrage | | ||
| - | | GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY | Active ou désactive la génération des entrées en mode **recovery** | | ||
| - | | GRUB_BLSCFG | Active ou désactive l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Les fichiers du répertoire / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les fichiers de ce répertoire sont exécutés dans l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l /etc/grub.d | ||
| - | total 92 | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8958 Mar 2 15:51 00_header | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1043 Jun 15 2020 00_tuned | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 232 Mar 2 15:51 01_users | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 832 Mar 2 15:51 08_fallback_counting | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14088 Mar 2 15:51 10_linux | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 830 Mar 2 15:51 10_reset_boot_success | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 889 Mar 2 15:51 12_menu_auto_hide | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11696 Mar 2 15:51 20_linux_xen | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2559 Mar 2 15:51 20_ppc_terminfo | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10670 Mar 2 15:51 30_os-prober | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1412 Mar 2 15:51 30_uefi-firmware | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 214 Mar 2 15:51 40_custom | ||
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 216 Mar 2 15:51 41_custom | ||
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 483 Mar 2 15:51 README | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | * **Le fichier / | ||
| - | * Le fichier **10_Linux** contient des boucles pour rechercher des noyaux Linux, | ||
| - | * **Le fichier / | ||
| - | * Ce fichier recherche des éventuels systèmes d' | ||
| - | * **Les fichiers / | ||
| - | * Ces deux fichiers sont fournis en tant que modèles à personnaliser. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Le Fichier / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le fichier **/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | ||
| - | # GRUB Environment Block | ||
| - | saved_entry=de79af4f226d480fa7d3fec4cabbf97a-4.18.0-240.22.1.el8_3.x86_64 | ||
| - | kernelopts=root=UUID=4c0cc28c-0d59-45be-bd73-d292b80be33c ro crashkernel=auto resume=UUID=c8bb3f47-d67f-4b21-b781-766899dc83d4 rhgb quiet | ||
| - | boot_success=1 | ||
| - | boot_indeterminate=0 | ||
| - | ########################################################################################################################################## | ||
| - | ########################################################################################################################################## | ||
| - | ########################################################################################################################################## | ||
| - | ########################################################################################################################################## | ||
| - | ########################################################################################################################################## | ||
| - | ############################################################ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Modifier la Configuration de GRUB 2 en Ligne de Commande=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Lors du démarrage de GRUB 2, trois actions sont possibles à partir du menu : | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Lancer un système d' | ||
| - | * Lancer l' | ||
| - | * Lancer l’interface de la ligne de commande GRUB en appuyant sur la touche **c**. | ||
| - | |||
| - | En mode édition notez l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * **flèches** : se déplacer dans l' | ||
| - | * **Crtl-X** : démarrer avec la configuration modifiée, | ||
| - | * **echap** : abandonner les modifications et retourner à l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Chargeurs de Démarrages Alternatifs==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Systemd-boot=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage étroitement lié à Systemd ( voir plus bas ), celui-ci connaît actuellement un gain de popularité. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===U-boot=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage qui peut booter n' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Le Projet Syslinux=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==SYSLINUX== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage pour les systèmes qui utilisent le système de fichier FAT. Par exemple le systèmes sur clefs USB. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==EXTLINUX== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage de petite taille qui sait booter des systèmes de fichier, EXT2, EXT3, EXT4 et BRTFS. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==ISOLINUX== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage pour booter des LiveCD et LiveDVD. Dans le cas d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * **isolinux.bin** qui contient l' | ||
| - | * **isolinux.cfg** qui contient les paramètres de configuration. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==PXELINUX== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage pour booter à partir d'un serveur réseau. Ce système utilise le standard **PXE** (//Pre-boot Execution Environment// | ||
| - | |||
| - | * **DHCP** pour attribuer une adresse IP à la machine et | ||
| - | * **BOOTP** pour charger l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Isodhpfx=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un Chargeur de Démarrage hybride, appelé **isodhpfx.bin**, | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Initramfs==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le fichier Initramfs //%%INITial Ram File System%%// est une archive au format cpio : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# cp / | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# cd /tmp | ||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# ls | ||
| - | cpio.list | ||
| - | custom | ||
| - | dateref | ||
| - | incremental.tar | ||
| - | mbr.save | ||
| - | systemd-private-9af7a2f7444849578f55b306bfd9f820-chronyd.service-iQiNzF | ||
| - | tblpart.save | ||
| - | test.cpio | ||
| - | test.print | ||
| - | test.tar | ||
| - | tmp.iso | ||
| - | vg0_backup | ||
| - | |||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# mv custom custom.gz | ||
| - | |||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# gunzip custom.gz | ||
| - | |||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# mkdir initramfs | ||
| - | |||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# cd initramfs | ||
| - | |||
| - | [root@centos8 initramfs]# cpio -cid -I ../custom | ||
| - | 216 blocks | ||
| - | [root@centos8 initramfs]# ls | ||
| - | bin dev etc init lib lib64 proc root run sbin shutdown | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Examiner l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Pour examiner une image initramfs archivée, il convient d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# lsinitrd custom | more | ||
| - | Image: custom: 25M | ||
| - | ======================================================================== | ||
| - | Early CPIO image | ||
| - | ======================================================================== | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | -rw-r--r-- | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | -rw-r--r-- | ||
| - | ======================================================================== | ||
| - | Version: dracut-049-95.git20200804.el8_3.4 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Arguments: -f --kver ' | ||
| - | |||
| - | dracut modules: | ||
| - | bash | ||
| - | systemd | ||
| - | systemd-initrd | ||
| - | nss-softokn | ||
| - | rngd | ||
| - | i18n | ||
| - | network-legacy | ||
| - | network | ||
| - | ifcfg | ||
| - | drm | ||
| - | plymouth | ||
| - | prefixdevname | ||
| - | kernel-modules | ||
| - | kernel-modules-extra | ||
| - | kernel-network-modules | ||
| - | resume | ||
| - | rootfs-block | ||
| - | terminfo | ||
| - | udev-rules | ||
| - | biosdevname | ||
| - | dracut-systemd | ||
| - | usrmount | ||
| - | base | ||
| - | fs-lib | ||
| - | memstrack | ||
| - | microcode_ctl-fw_dir_override | ||
| - | shutdown | ||
| - | ======================================================================== | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | crw-r--r-- | ||
| - | crw-r--r-- | ||
| - | crw-r--r-- | ||
| - | crw-r--r-- | ||
| - | crw-r--r-- | ||
| - | lrwxrwxrwx | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | -rw-r--r-- | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | drwxr-xr-x | ||
| - | -rw-r--r-- | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Le script init=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | RHEL/CentOS 8 utilise le système de démarrage **systemd**. Pour cette raison le script init est un lien symbolique vers **/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# lsinitrd custom | grep usr/ | ||
| - | lrwxrwxrwx | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Consulter le contenu d'un fichier dans initramfs=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Pour consulter le contenu d'un fichier inclus dans l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 tmp]# lsinitrd / | ||
| - | include ld.so.conf.d/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Processus de Démarrage du Noyau Linux==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le processus de démarrage du Noyau Linux peut être divisé en 6 étapes : | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Etape ^ Description ^ | ||
| - | | Chargement, configuration et exécution du chargeur du noyau | Le fichier **bootsect.s** est chargé en mémoire par le BIOS. Une fois configuré celui-ci charge le reste du noyau en mémoire | | ||
| - | | Configuration des paramètres et bascule vers le mode 32 bits | Le fichier **boot.s** met en place un **[[http:// | ||
| - | | Décompression du Noyau | Le fichier **head.s** décompresse le noyau | | ||
| - | | Initialisation du noyau et de la mémoire | Le fichier **head.s** crée un GDT et IDT définitif | | ||
| - | | Configuration du noyau | Le fichier **main.c** met en place les contraintes de mémoire et configure la mémoire virtuelle | | ||
| - | | Création du processus Init | Le fichier **main.c** crée le processus init | | ||
| - | |||
| - | La fonction **init_post()** essaie ensuite d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * /sbin/init ==> / | ||
| - | * /etc/init | ||
| - | * /bin/init | ||
| - | * /bin/sh ==> /bin/bash ==> / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dans le cas d'un échec à ce stade le message **Kernel Panic** sera affiché. | ||
| =====Systemd===== | =====Systemd===== | ||
| Ligne 642: | Ligne 61: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jul 18 13:00 / |
| / | / | ||
| Ligne 672: | Ligne 91: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | UNIT LOAD | + | UNIT |
| - | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount | + | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000: | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000: | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:0d.0-ata4-host3-target3: | + | sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:0d.0-ata4-host3-target3:0:0-3: | + | sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d1.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:0d.0-ata4-host3-target3:0:0-3:0:0:0-block-sdb-sdb2.device | + | sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:0d.0-ata4-host3-target3:0:0-3:0:0:0-block-sdb-sdb3.device | + | sys-module-configfs.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:0d.0-ata4-host3-target3:0:0-3:0:0:0-block-sdb-sdb4.device | + | sys-module-fuse.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | sys-subsystem-net-devices-ens18.device |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | boot.mount |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | dev-hugepages.mount |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | dev-mqueue.mount |
| - | sys-devices-pci0000: | + | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount |
| - | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device | + | run-credentials-systemd\x2dsysctl.service.mount |
| - | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device | + | run-credentials-systemd\x2dtmpfiles\x2dsetup.service.mount |
| - | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device | + | run-credentials-systemd\x2dtmpfiles\x2dsetup\x2ddev.service.mount |
| - | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device | + | run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted |
| - | sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device | + | run-user-42.mount |
| - | sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d1.device | + | sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted |
| - | sys-devices-virtual-net-virbr0.device | + | sys-kernel-config.mount |
| - | sys-devices-virtual-net-virbr0\x2dnic.device | + | sys-kernel-debug-tracing.mount |
| - | sys-module-configfs.device | + | sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active |
| - | sys-subsystem-net-devices-enp0s3.device | + | sys-kernel-tracing.mount |
| - | sys-subsystem-net-devices-virbr0.device | + | cups.path |
| - | sys-subsystem-net-devices-virbr0\x2dnic.device | + | systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path |
| - | -.mount | + | systemd-ask-password-wall.path |
| - | boot.mount | + | init.scope |
| - | dev-hugepages.mount | + | session-4.scope loaded active running |
| - | dev-mqueue.mount | + | lines 1-37...skipping... |
| - | run-user-1000.mount | + | UNIT |
| - | sys-kernel-config.mount | + | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount |
| - | sys-kernel-debug.mount | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | sys-kernel-tracing.mount | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | var-lib-nfs-rpc_pipefs.mount | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | cups.path | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path | + | sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | systemd-ask-password-wall.path | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device |
| - | init.scope | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device |
| - | session-96.scope | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device |
| - | atd.service | + | sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device |
| - | auditd.service | + | sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device |
| - | avahi-daemon.service | + | sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d1.device |
| - | chronyd.service | + | sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device |
| - | crond.service | + | sys-module-configfs.device |
| - | cups.service | + | sys-module-fuse.device |
| - | dbus.service | + | sys-subsystem-net-devices-ens18.device |
| - | dracut-shutdown.service | + | -.mount |
| - | firewalld.service | + | boot.mount |
| - | lines 1-57 | + | dev-hugepages.mount |
| + | dev-mqueue.mount | ||
| + | | ||
| + | run-credentials-systemd\x2dsysctl.service.mount | ||
| + | run-credentials-systemd\x2dtmpfiles\x2dsetup.service.mount | ||
| + | run-credentials-systemd\x2dtmpfiles\x2dsetup\x2ddev.service.mount | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | sys-kernel-config.mount | ||
| + | sys-kernel-debug-tracing.mount | ||
| + | sys-kernel-debug.mount | ||
| + | sys-kernel-tracing.mount | ||
| + | cups.path | ||
| + | systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path | ||
| + | systemd-ask-password-wall.path | ||
| + | init.scope | ||
| + | session-4.scope | ||
| + | | ||
| + | accounts-daemon.service | ||
| + | | ||
| + | auditd.service | ||
| + | avahi-daemon.service | ||
| + | | ||
| + | crond.service | ||
| + | cups.service | ||
| + | dbus-broker.service | ||
| + | dracut-shutdown.service | ||
| + | firewalld.service | ||
| + | gdm.service | ||
| + | irqbalance.service | ||
| + | iscsi.service | ||
| + | kdump.service | ||
| + | kmod-static-nodes.service | ||
| + | libstoragemgmt.service | ||
| + | lvm2-monitor.service | ||
| + | lines 1-55 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 736: | Ligne 191: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | ● boot.automount | + | ● boot.automount |
| - | | + | ● home.mount |
| - | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount | + | ● sysroot.mount |
| - | sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount | + | tmp.mount |
| - | ● sysroot.mount | + | ● var.mount |
| - | tmp.mount | + | systemd-ask-password-console.path |
| - | var-lib-machines.mount | + | alsa-restore.service |
| - | systemd-ask-password-console.path | + | alsa-state.service |
| - | ● apparmor.service | + | ● auto-cpufreq.service |
| - | | + | ● autofs.service |
| - | cpupower.service | + | |
| - | ● display-manager.service | + | cpupower.service |
| - | dm-event.service | + | dm-event.service |
| - | dnf-makecache.service | + | dnf-makecache.service |
| - | dracut-cmdline.service | + | dracut-cmdline.service |
| - | dracut-initqueue.service | + | dracut-initqueue.service |
| - | dracut-mount.service | + | dracut-mount.service |
| - | dracut-pre-mount.service | + | dracut-pre-mount.service |
| - | dracut-pre-pivot.service | + | dracut-pre-pivot.service |
| - | dracut-pre-trigger.service | + | dracut-pre-trigger.service |
| - | dracut-pre-udev.service | + | dracut-pre-udev.service |
| - | | + | |
| - | emergency.service | + | ● ebtables.service |
| - | initrd-cleanup.service | + | emergency.service |
| - | initrd-parse-etc.service | + | ● fcoe.service |
| - | initrd-switch-root.service | + | getty@tty1.service |
| - | initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service | + | initrd-cleanup.service |
| - | ● ip6tables.service | + | initrd-parse-etc.service |
| - | ● ipset.service | + | initrd-switch-root.service |
| - | ● iptables.service | + | initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service |
| - | iscsi-onboot.service | + | insights-client-boot.service |
| - | iscsi.service | + | ● ip6tables.service |
| - | iscsid.service | + | ● ipset.service |
| - | iscsiuio.service | + | ● iptables.service |
| - | ldconfig.service | + | iscsi-init.service |
| - | | + | iscsi-onboot.service |
| - | | + | iscsi-shutdown.service |
| - | loadmodules.service | + | iscsi-starter.service |
| - | ● lvm2-activation.service | + | iscsid.service |
| - | lvm2-lvmpolld.service | + | iscsiuio.service |
| - | mdmonitor.service | + | ldconfig.service |
| - | microcode.service | + | |
| - | ● network.service | + | |
| - | | + | ● lvm2-activation-early.service |
| - | | + | lvm2-lvmpolld.service |
| - | | + | mdmonitor.service |
| - | | + | microcode.service |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | nfsdcld.service | + | |
| - | nftables.service | + | |
| - | ● ntpd.service | + | |
| - | ● ntpdate.service | + | ● network.service |
| - | plymouth-switch-root.service | + | nftables.service |
| - | rc-local.service | + | ● nslcd.service |
| - | rescue.service | + | |
| - | rpc-gssd.service | + | |
| --More-- | --More-- | ||
| + | [q] | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 800: | Ligne 254: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | Unit ntpd.service could not be found. | + | Unit network.service could not be found. |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 807: | Ligne 261: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | UNIT FILE STATE | + | UNIT FILE STATE PRESET |
| - | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount | + | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount |
| - | -.mount | + | -.mount |
| - | boot.mount | + | boot.mount |
| - | dev-hugepages.mount | + | dev-hugepages.mount |
| - | dev-mqueue.mount | + | dev-mqueue.mount |
| - | proc-fs-nfsd.mount | + | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount |
| - | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount | + | run-vmblock\x2dfuse.mount |
| - | sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount | + | sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount |
| - | sys-kernel-config.mount | + | sys-kernel-config.mount |
| - | sys-kernel-debug.mount | + | sys-kernel-debug.mount |
| - | tmp.mount | + | sys-kernel-tracing.mount |
| - | var-lib-machines.mount | + | tmp.mount |
| - | var-lib-nfs-rpc_pipefs.mount | + | cups.path |
| - | cups.path | + | insights-client-results.path |
| - | systemd-ask-password-console.path | + | ostree-finalize-staged.path |
| - | systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path | + | systemd-ask-password-console.path |
| - | systemd-ask-password-wall.path | + | systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path |
| - | session-96.scope | + | systemd-ask-password-wall.path |
| - | arp-ethers.service | + | session-4.scope |
| - | atd.service | + | session-c1.scope |
| - | auditd.service | + | accounts-daemon.service |
| - | auth-rpcgss-module.service | + | alsa-restore.service |
| - | autovt@.service | + | alsa-state.service |
| - | avahi-daemon.service | + | arp-ethers.service |
| - | blk-availability.service | + | atd.service |
| - | chrony-dnssrv@.service | + | auditd.service |
| - | chrony-wait.service | + | autovt@.service |
| - | chronyd.service | + | avahi-daemon.service |
| - | cockpit-motd.service | + | blk-availability.service |
| - | cockpit-wsinstance-http-redirect.service | + | bluetooth.service |
| - | cockpit-wsinstance-http.service | + | bolt.service |
| - | cockpit-wsinstance-https-factory@.service | + | brltty.service |
| - | cockpit-wsinstance-https@.service | + | canberra-system-bootup.service |
| - | cockpit.service | + | canberra-system-shutdown-reboot.service |
| - | console-getty.service | + | canberra-system-shutdown.service |
| - | container-getty@.service | + | chrony-wait.service |
| - | cpupower.service | + | chronyd-restricted.service |
| - | crond.service | + | chronyd.service |
| - | cups-browsed.service | + | cni-dhcp.service |
| - | cups.service | + | cockpit-motd.service |
| - | dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service | + | cockpit-wsinstance-http.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.Avahi.service | + | cockpit-wsinstance-https-factory@.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service | + | cockpit-wsinstance-https@.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.import1.service | + | cockpit.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service | + | colord.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service | + | configure-printer@.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.machine1.service | + | console-getty.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service | + | container-getty@.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.portable1.service | + | cpupower.service |
| - | dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service | + | crond.service |
| - | dbus.service | + | cups-browsed.service |
| - | debug-shell.service | + | cups.service |
| - | dm-event.service | + | dbus-broker.service |
| - | dnf-makecache.service | + | dbus-daemon.service |
| - | dnsmasq.service | + | |
| - | dracut-cmdline.service | + | |
| --More-- | --More-- | ||
| + | [q] | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 871: | Ligne 324: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | UNIT FILE | + | UNIT FILE |
| - | -.mount | + | -.mount |
| - | boot.mount | + | boot.mount |
| - | dev-hugepages.mount | + | dev-hugepages.mount |
| - | dev-mqueue.mount | + | dev-mqueue.mount |
| - | proc-fs-nfsd.mount | + | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount |
| - | proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount | + | run-vmblock\x2dfuse.mount |
| - | sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static | + | sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static |
| - | sys-kernel-config.mount | + | sys-kernel-config.mount |
| - | sys-kernel-debug.mount | + | sys-kernel-debug.mount |
| - | tmp.mount | + | sys-kernel-tracing.mount |
| - | var-lib-machines.mount | + | tmp.mount |
| - | var-lib-nfs-rpc_pipefs.mount | + | |
| - | 12 unit files listed. | + | 11 unit files listed. |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 898: | Ligne 350: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 46096 Apr 7 16:56 / | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 57696 Jul 18 13:01 / |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 905: | Ligne 357: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | total 508 | + | total 396 |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 504 Jan 4 11:25 kdump-dep-generator.sh | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 541 Jul 24 06:08 kdump-dep-generator.sh |
| - | -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 134976 Aug 17 2020 lvm2-activation-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15832 May 17 18:27 ostree-system-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 31 Aug 8 10:54 podman-system-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 743 Apr 23 2020 selinux-autorelabel-generator.sh | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15624 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-bless-boot-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33504 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-cryptsetup-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40920 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-cryptsetup-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16648 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-debug-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24312 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-debug-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 46096 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-fstab-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 57696 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-fstab-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17064 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-getty-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24096 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-getty-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 29432 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-gpt-auto-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36496 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-gpt-auto-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12568 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-hibernate-resume-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 16096 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-hibernate-resume-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12368 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-rc-local-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24240 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-integritysetup-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12408 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-system-update-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15632 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-rc-local-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33544 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-sysv-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24296 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-run-generator |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17024 Apr 7 16:56 systemd-veritysetup-generator | + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15824 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-system-update-generator |
| + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36424 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-sysv-generator | ||
| + | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36872 Jul 18 13:01 systemd-veritysetup-generator | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 927: | Ligne 381: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | systemctl [OPTIONS...] | + | systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ... |
| - | Query or send control commands to the systemd | + | Query or send control commands to the system |
| - | -h --help | + | Unit Commands: |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -H --host=[USER@]HOST | + | |
| - | Operate on remote host | + | |
| - | -M --machine=CONTAINER | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -t --type=TYPE | + | is-active PATTERN... Check whether units are active |
| - | --state=STATE | + | is-failed |
| - | -p --property=NAME | + | |
| - | -a --all Show all properties/ | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | the system, use the 'list-unit-files' | + | cat PATTERN... |
| - | --failed | + | help PATTERN...|PID... |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | or wanted by the units or by which those |
| - | | + | units are required or wanted |
| - | --job-mode=MODE | + | |
| - | | + | stop UNIT... |
| - | --show-types | + | reload UNIT... |
| - | | + | |
| - | -i --ignore-inhibitors | + | try-restart UNIT... |
| - | When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors | + | |
| - | --kill-who=WHO | + | otherwise start or restart |
| - | | + | |
| - | --now Start or stop unit in addition to enabling or disabling it | + | if supported, otherwise restart |
| - | --dry-run | + | |
| - | | + | kill UNIT... |
| - | | + | clean UNIT... |
| - | | + | configuration of unit |
| - | --no-wall | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | set-property UNIT PROPERTY=VALUE... Sets one or more properties of a unit |
| - | | + | bind UNIT PATH [PATH] |
| - | | + | unit's namespace |
| - | Do not ask for system passwords | + | mount-image UNIT PATH [PATH [OPTS]] Mount an image from the host into a |
| - | | + | |
| - | --runtime | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | reset-failed [PATTERN...] |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | Unit File Commands: |
| - | | + | list-unit-files [PATTERN...] |
| - | | + | |
| - | -n --lines=INTEGER | + | |
| - | -o --output=STRING | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | based on preset configuration |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | lines 1-55 |
| - | + | ||
| - | lines 1-57 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 995: | Ligne 447: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| / | / | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | total 1464 | + | total 1584 |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1512 Apr 23 2020 auditd.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 274 Apr 4 2022 atd.service |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1044 Nov 16 2020 avahi-daemon.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1771 Nov 8 2023 auditd.service |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 870 Nov 16 2020 avahi-daemon.socket | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1044 Nov |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 7 16:55 basic.target.wants | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 870 Nov |
| - | -r--r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 18 13:00 basic.target.wants |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -r--r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1811 Jan 23 2024 chronyd-restricted.service |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1468 Jan 23 2024 chronyd.service |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1082 Jan 23 2024 chrony-wait.service |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1082 Apr | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1263 Apr | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -r--r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -r--r--r--. 1 root root 248 Jun 15 2020 cups.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -r--r--r--. 1 root root 136 Jun 15 2020 cups.socket | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1102 Jul 18 13:00 console-getty.service |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service -> systemd-hostnamed.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1254 Jul 18 13:00 container-getty@.service |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.import1.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service -> systemd-localed.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service -> systemd-logind.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.machine1.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.portable1.service -> systemd-portabled.service | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jul 18 13:00 ctrl-alt-del.target |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Apr 7 16:55 dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 7 16:55 dbus.target.wants | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 25 Sep 25 12:03 cups.service.d |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1084 Apr 7 16:55 debug-shell.service | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Apr 7 16:55 default.target -> graphical.target | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 7 16:55 default.target.wants | + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Jul 18 13:00 dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Jul 18 13:00 dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service |
| - | -r--r--r--. 1 root root | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 18 13:00 dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service -> systemd-logind.service |
| - | -r--r--r--. 1 root root 248 Aug 17 2020 dm-event.socket | + | |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 457 Jun 2 2020 dnf-makecache.service | + | |
| --More-- | --More-- | ||
| + | [q] | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1064: | Ligne 515: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| total 0 | total 0 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1071: | Ligne 522: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| / | / | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1082: | Ligne 533: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| [Unit] | [Unit] | ||
| Description=OpenSSH server daemon | Description=OpenSSH server daemon | ||
| Ligne 1091: | Ligne 542: | ||
| [Service] | [Service] | ||
| Type=notify | Type=notify | ||
| - | EnvironmentFile=-/ | ||
| EnvironmentFile=-/ | EnvironmentFile=-/ | ||
| - | ExecStart=/ | + | ExecStart=/ |
| ExecReload=/ | ExecReload=/ | ||
| KillMode=process | KillMode=process | ||
| Ligne 1118: | Ligne 568: | ||
| * **Type=notify**, | * **Type=notify**, | ||
| * Cette directive indique que le service informera Systemd quand son démarrage a terminé, | * Cette directive indique que le service informera Systemd quand son démarrage a terminé, | ||
| - | * **ExecStart=/ | + | * **ExecStart=/ |
| * Cette directive définit l' | * Cette directive définit l' | ||
| * **ExecReload=/ | * **ExecReload=/ | ||
| Ligne 1137: | Ligne 587: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| Type=notify | Type=notify | ||
| + | ExitType=main | ||
| Restart=on-failure | Restart=on-failure | ||
| NotifyAccess=main | NotifyAccess=main | ||
| Ligne 1144: | Ligne 595: | ||
| TimeoutStartUSec=1min 30s | TimeoutStartUSec=1min 30s | ||
| TimeoutStopUSec=1min 30s | TimeoutStopUSec=1min 30s | ||
| + | TimeoutAbortUSec=1min 30s | ||
| + | TimeoutStartFailureMode=terminate | ||
| + | TimeoutStopFailureMode=terminate | ||
| RuntimeMaxUSec=infinity | RuntimeMaxUSec=infinity | ||
| + | RuntimeRandomizedExtraUSec=0 | ||
| WatchdogUSec=0 | WatchdogUSec=0 | ||
| - | WatchdogTimestamp=Thu 2021-06-03 15:09:54 EDT | + | WatchdogTimestampMonotonic=0 |
| - | WatchdogTimestampMonotonic=12502561 | + | |
| - | PermissionsStartOnly=no | + | |
| RootDirectoryStartOnly=no | RootDirectoryStartOnly=no | ||
| RemainAfterExit=no | RemainAfterExit=no | ||
| GuessMainPID=yes | GuessMainPID=yes | ||
| - | MainPID=902 | + | MainPID=875 |
| ControlPID=0 | ControlPID=0 | ||
| FileDescriptorStoreMax=0 | FileDescriptorStoreMax=0 | ||
| Ligne 1158: | Ligne 611: | ||
| StatusErrno=0 | StatusErrno=0 | ||
| Result=success | Result=success | ||
| + | ReloadResult=success | ||
| + | CleanResult=success | ||
| UID=[not set] | UID=[not set] | ||
| GID=[not set] | GID=[not set] | ||
| NRestarts=0 | NRestarts=0 | ||
| - | ExecMainStartTimestamp=Thu 2021-06-03 15:09:54 EDT | + | OOMPolicy=stop |
| - | ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic=12446178 | + | ReloadSignal=1 |
| + | ExecMainStartTimestamp=Wed 2024-09-25 12:44:53 CEST | ||
| + | ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic=18089127 | ||
| ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic=0 | ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic=0 | ||
| - | ExecMainPID=902 | + | ExecMainPID=875 |
| ExecMainCode=0 | ExecMainCode=0 | ||
| ExecMainStatus=0 | ExecMainStatus=0 | ||
| - | ExecStart={ path=/ | + | ExecStart={ path=/ |
| + | ExecStartEx={ path=/ | ||
| ExecReload={ path=/ | ExecReload={ path=/ | ||
| + | ExecReloadEx={ path=/ | ||
| Slice=system.slice | Slice=system.slice | ||
| ControlGroup=/ | ControlGroup=/ | ||
| - | MemoryCurrent=6270976 | + | ControlGroupId=3690 |
| - | CPUUsageNSec=[not set] | + | MemoryCurrent=5275648 |
| - | EffectiveCPUs= | + | MemoryAvailable=infinity |
| - | EffectiveMemoryNodes= | + | CPUUsageNSec=122370000 |
| TasksCurrent=1 | TasksCurrent=1 | ||
| - | IPIngressBytes=18446744073709551615 | + | IPIngressBytes=[no data] |
| - | IPIngressPackets=18446744073709551615 | + | IPIngressPackets=[no data] |
| - | IPEgressBytes=18446744073709551615 | + | IPEgressBytes=[no data] |
| - | IPEgressPackets=18446744073709551615 | + | IPEgressPackets=[no data] |
| - | Delegate=no | + | IOReadBytes=18446744073709551615 |
| - | CPUAccounting=no | + | IOReadOperations=18446744073709551615 |
| - | CPUWeight=[not set] | + | IOWriteBytes=18446744073709551615 |
| - | StartupCPUWeight=[not set] | + | IOWriteOperations=18446744073709551615 |
| - | CPUShares=[not set] | + | lines 1-55 |
| - | StartupCPUShares=[not set] | + | |
| - | CPUQuotaPerSecUSec=infinity | + | |
| - | CPUQuotaPeriodUSec=infinity | + | |
| - | AllowedCPUs= | + | |
| - | AllowedMemoryNodes= | + | |
| - | IOAccounting=no | + | |
| - | IOWeight=[not set] | + | |
| - | StartupIOWeight=[not set] | + | |
| - | BlockIOAccounting=no | + | |
| - | BlockIOWeight=[not set] | + | |
| - | lines 1-57 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1201: | Ligne 649: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| sshd.service | sshd.service | ||
| ● ├─system.slice | ● ├─system.slice | ||
| ● ├─sshd-keygen.target | ● ├─sshd-keygen.target | ||
| - | ● │ ├─sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service | + | ○ │ ├─sshd-keygen@ecdsa.service |
| - | ● │ ├─sshd-keygen@ed25519.service | + | ○ │ ├─sshd-keygen@ed25519.service |
| - | ● │ └─sshd-keygen@rsa.service | + | ○ │ └─sshd-keygen@rsa.service |
| ● └─sysinit.target | ● └─sysinit.target | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● ├─import-state.service | + | ○ ├─iscsi-onboot.service |
| - | ● ├─iscsi-onboot.service | + | ○ ├─iscsi-starter.service |
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● ├─ldconfig.service | + | ○ ├─ldconfig.service |
| - | ● | + | |
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| + | ○ | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● | + | ○ ├─selinux-autorelabel-mark.service |
| - | ● ├─selinux-autorelabel-mark.service | + | |
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● | + | ● ├─sys-kernel-tracing.mount |
| - | ● ├─systemd-binfmt.service | + | ○ ├─systemd-ask-password-console.path |
| - | ● | + | ○ ├─systemd-binfmt.service |
| - | ● ├─systemd-hwdb-update.service | + | ○ |
| - | ● ├─systemd-journal-catalog-update.service | + | ● ├─systemd-boot-update.service |
| + | ○ ├─systemd-firstboot.service | ||
| + | ○ ├─systemd-hwdb-update.service | ||
| + | ○ ├─systemd-journal-catalog-update.service | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● ├─systemd-machine-id-commit.service | + | ○ ├─systemd-machine-id-commit.service |
| ● | ● | ||
| + | ● | ||
| + | ○ | ||
| + | ○ | ||
| + | ○ | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| + | ○ | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● ├─systemd-sysusers.service | + | ○ ├─systemd-sysusers.service |
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| - | ● ├─systemd-update-done.service | + | ○ ├─systemd-update-done.service |
| ● | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| + | ● | ||
| ● | ● | ||
| ● │ ├─-.mount | ● │ ├─-.mount | ||
| - | ● │ ├─boot.mount | + | lines 1-55 |
| - | ● │ └─systemd-remount-fs.service | + | |
| - | ● | + | |
| - | ● | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1260: | Ligne 713: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| / | / | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | total 4 | + | total 8 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 31 May 8 2020 basic.target.wants | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 65 Oct 19 2023 basic.target.wants |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 31 Oct 19 2023 bluetooth.target.wants |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Oct 19 2023 ctrl-alt-del.target -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 57 May 8 2020 dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 May 8 2020 dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Oct 19 2023 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 May 8 2020 default.target | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 32 May 8 2020 getty.target.wants | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 Oct 19 2023 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 3 14:02 multi-user.target.wants | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 57 Oct 19 2023 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 48 May 8 2020 network-online.target.wants | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Oct 19 2023 dbus.service |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 nfs-blkmap.service.requires | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Oct 19 2023 default.target -> / |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 nfs-idmapd.service.requires | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 45 Oct 19 2023 default.target.wants |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 nfs-mountd.service.requires | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 38 Oct 19 2023 'dev-virtio\x2dports-org.qemu.guest_agent.0.device.wants' |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 nfs-server.service.requires | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Oct 19 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26 Jun 3 14:02 printer.target.wants | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 32 Oct 19 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 52 Apr 19 12:07 remote-fs.target.wants | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 181 Oct 19 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 rpc-gssd.service.requires | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 36 Oct 19 2023 local-fs.target.wants |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 rpc-statd-notify.service.requires | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 Apr 19 12:07 rpc-statd.service.requires | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 48 Oct 19 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26 Oct 19 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 235 Apr 19 12:07 sysinit.target.wants | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 27 Oct 19 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 May 8 2020 syslog.service -> / | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 systemd-timedated.service -> /dev/null | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 25 12:08 |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 34 May 8 2020 timers.target.wants | + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 86 Oct 19 2023 timers.target.wants |
| + | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 29 Oct 19 2023 vmtoolsd.service.requires | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1297: | Ligne 751: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | Startup finished in 1.665s (kernel) + 6.977s (initrd) + 8.458s (userspace) = 17.101s | + | Startup finished in 1.309s (kernel) + 4.384s (initrd) + 29.375s (userspace) = 35.069s |
| - | multi-user.target reached after 5.528s in userspace | + | graphical.target reached after 29.358s in userspace. |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1305: | Ligne 759: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | 4.080s dracut-initqueue.service | + | 15.289s plymouth-quit-wait.service |
| - | 3.257s kdump.service | + | 8.760s dev-disk-by\x2dpartuuid-d00dfc8a\x2d02.device |
| - | 1.727s tuned.service | + | 8.760s dev-disk-by\x2did-scsi\x2d0QEMU_QEMU_HARDDISK_drive\x2dscsi0\x2dpart2.device |
| - | 1.415s initrd-switch-root.service | + | 8.760s sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | 1.393s NetworkManager-wait-online.service | + | 8.760s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000: |
| - | 1.116s systemd-machined.service | + | 8.760s dev-sda2.device |
| - | 1.111s dracut-cmdline.service | + | 8.662s sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | 850ms sssd.service | + | 8.662s dev-disk-by\x2did-scsi\x2d0QEMU_QEMU_HARDDISK_drive\x2dscsi0\x2dpart1.device |
| - | 791ms vdo.service | + | 8.662s dev-sda1.device |
| - | 713ms firewalld.service | + | 8.662s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000: |
| - | 622ms lvm2-monitor.service | + | 8.662s dev-disk-by\x2duuid-6f6c5bb9\x2d30be\x2d4734\x2dbc23\x2d03fed8541616.device |
| - | 605ms polkit.service | + | 8.662s dev-disk-by\x2dpartuuid-d00dfc8a\x2d01.device |
| - | 508ms chronyd.service | + | 8.629s dev-sda.device |
| - | 434ms avahi-daemon.service | + | 8.629s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000: |
| - | 426ms systemd-logind.service | + | 8.629s dev-disk-by\x2did-scsi\x2d0QEMU_QEMU_HARDDISK_drive\x2dscsi0.device |
| - | 417ms netcf-transaction.service | + | 8.629s sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | 410ms dracut-pre-udev.service | + | 8.629s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-1.device |
| - | 295ms libvirtd.service | + | 8.589s sys-module-fuse.device |
| - | 275ms dnf-makecache.service | + | 8.578s sys-devices-pci0000: |
| - | 243ms systemd-udevd.service | + | 8.578s sys-subsystem-net-devices-ens18.device |
| - | 221ms systemd-journald.service | + | 8.560s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device |
| - | 196ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service | + | 8.560s dev-ttyS0.device |
| - | 151ms dracut-pre-pivot.service | + | 8.559s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device |
| - | 139ms sysroot.mount | + | 8.559s dev-ttyS2.device |
| - | 139ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service | + | |
| - | 122ms systemd-vconsole-setup.service | + | 8.558s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device |
| - | 110ms lvm2-pvscan@8:25.service | + | 8.557s dev-ttyS3.device |
| - | 98ms systemd-udev-trigger.service | + | 8.557s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device |
| - | 82ms gssproxy.service | + | 8.510s sys-module-configfs.device |
| - | 81ms cups.service | + | 4.024s |
| - | | + | 2.468s firewalld.service |
| - | 77ms NetworkManager.service | + | 2.157s kdump.service |
| - | 72ms lvm2-pvscan@8: | + | 1.944s |
| - | | + | 1.548s dnf-makecache.service |
| - | 68ms lvm2-pvscan@8:22.service | + | 1.454s NetworkManager-wait-online.service |
| - | 67ms unbound-anchor.service | + | 1.309s udisks2.service |
| - | 66ms rsyslog.service | + | 1.294s NetworkManager.service |
| - | 62ms boot.mount | + | 1.112s power-profiles-daemon.service |
| - | 56ms sshd.service | + | 1.091s polkit.service |
| - | 54ms smartd.service | + | 1.015s accounts-daemon.service |
| - | 54ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-2ae4c035\x2d9244\x2d458c\x2d82c5\x2da49ae169cdb6.service | + | 953ms ModemManager.service |
| - | 53ms user@1000.service | + | 900ms user@42.service |
| - | 52ms auditd.service | + | 888ms dracut-initqueue.service |
| - | 51ms plymouth-quit.service | + | 671ms dbus-broker.service |
| - | 49ms rngd-wake-threshold.service | + | |
| - | 46ms import-state.service | + | 658ms systemd-udevd.service |
| - | | + | 561ms lvm2-monitor.service |
| - | 43ms ksmtuned.service | + | 547ms boot.mount |
| - | 42ms plymouth-quit-wait.service | + | 506ms cups.service |
| - | 42ms var-lib-nfs-rpc_pipefs.mount | + | 464ms sshd.service |
| - | 42ms rpc-statd-notify.service | + | 446ms logrotate.service |
| - | 38ms plymouth-switch-root.service | + | 382ms systemd-random-seed.service |
| - | | + | 376ms auditd.service |
| - | 37ms plymouth-start.service | + | |
| - | 33ms dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c8bb3f47\x2dd67f\x2d4b21\x2db781\x2d766899dc83d4.swap | + | 324ms systemd-sysctl.service |
| - | 33ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service | + | lines 1-55 |
| - | 31ms dev-hugepages.mount | + | |
| - | lines 1-57 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1369: | Ligne 821: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the " | + | The time when unit became |
| - | The time the unit takes to start is printed after the " | + | The time the unit took to start is printed after the " |
| - | sshd.service +56ms | + | sshd.service +464ms |
| - | └─network.target @3.799s | + | └─network.target @12.377s |
| - | └─NetworkManager.service @3.719s +77ms | + | └─wpa_supplicant.service @25.556s +119ms |
| - | └─network-pre.target @3.718s | + | └─basic.target @7.432s |
| - | └─firewalld.service @3.004s +713ms | + | └─dbus-broker.service @6.758s +671ms |
| - | └─polkit.service | + | └─dbus.socket |
| - | └─basic.target @2.392s | + | └─sysinit.target @6.737s |
| - | | + | └─systemd-update-utmp.service @6.721s +15ms |
| - | └─sssd-kcm.socket @2.391s | + | └─auditd.service @6.333s +376ms |
| - | └─sysinit.target @2.379s | + | └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @5.951s +371ms |
| - | | + | └─local-fs.target @5.939s |
| - | └─auditd.service @2.317s +52ms | + | └─run-user-42.mount @14.616s |
| - | └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @2.118s +196ms | + | └─local-fs-pre.target @5.379s |
| - | | + | └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service @3.398s +661ms |
| - | | + | └─kmod-static-nodes.service |
| - | └─boot.mount @2.006s +62ms | + | └─systemd-journald.socket |
| - | └─systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-2ae4c035\x2d9244\x2d458c\x2d82c5\x2da49ae169cdb6.service | + | └─system.slice |
| - | └─local-fs-pre.target @1.942s | + | └─-.slice |
| - | └─lvm2-monitor.service @1.319s +622ms | + | |
| - | └─dm-event.socket | + | |
| - | └─-.mount | + | |
| - | └─system.slice | + | |
| - | └─-.slice | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1401: | Ligne 848: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] | + | systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ... |
| - | Process | + | Profile |
| - | + | ||
| - | -h --help | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | When generating a dependency graph, filter only origins | + | |
| - | or destinations, | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | services, which finished TIMESPAN earlier, than the | + | |
| - | latest in the branch. The unit of TIMESPAN is seconds | + | |
| - | unless specified with a different unit, i.e. 50ms | + | |
| - | | + | |
| Commands: | Commands: | ||
| - | time Print time spent in the kernel before reaching userspace | + | |
| - | blame | + | blame Print list of running units ordered by |
| - | critical-chain | + | time to init |
| - | plot Output SVG graphic showing service initialization | + | critical-chain |
| - | dot | + | of units |
| - | set-log-level LEVEL Set logging threshold for systemd | + | plot |
| - | dump Output state serialization of service manager | + | initialization |
| + | dot [UNIT...] | ||
| + | dump [PATTERN...] | ||
| + | manager | ||
| + | cat-config | ||
| + | unit-files | ||
| + | unit-paths | ||
| + | exit-status [STATUS...] | ||
| + | capability [CAP...] | ||
| + | syscall-filter [NAME...] | ||
| + | filesystems [NAME...] | ||
| + | condition CONDITION... | ||
| + | compare-versions VERSION1 [OP] VERSION2 | ||
| + | | ||
| + | verify FILE... | ||
| + | calendar SPEC... | ||
| + | | ||
| + | timestamp TIMESTAMP... | ||
| + | timespan SPAN... | ||
| + | security [UNIT...] | ||
| + | inspect-elf FILE... | ||
| + | |||
| + | Options: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | of built-in one | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | with either --table or --json= | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | -H --host=[USER@]HOST | ||
| + | -M --machine=CONTAINER | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | lines 1-55 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1436: | Ligne 912: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | # SPDX-License-Identifier: | + | # SPDX-License-Identifier: |
| # | # | ||
| # This file is part of systemd. | # This file is part of systemd. | ||
| Ligne 1472: | Ligne 948: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| multi-user.target | multi-user.target | ||
| ● ├─atd.service | ● ├─atd.service | ||
| ● ├─auditd.service | ● ├─auditd.service | ||
| ● ├─avahi-daemon.service | ● ├─avahi-daemon.service | ||
| - | ● ├─chronyd.service | ||
| ● ├─crond.service | ● ├─crond.service | ||
| ● ├─cups.path | ● ├─cups.path | ||
| ● ├─cups.service | ● ├─cups.service | ||
| - | ● ├─dbus.service | ||
| - | ● ├─dnf-makecache.timer | ||
| ● ├─firewalld.service | ● ├─firewalld.service | ||
| + | ○ ├─insights-client-boot.service | ||
| ● ├─irqbalance.service | ● ├─irqbalance.service | ||
| ● ├─kdump.service | ● ├─kdump.service | ||
| - | ● ├─ksm.service | ||
| - | ● ├─ksmtuned.service | ||
| ● ├─libstoragemgmt.service | ● ├─libstoragemgmt.service | ||
| - | ● ├─libvirtd.service | ||
| ● ├─mcelog.service | ● ├─mcelog.service | ||
| - | ● ├─mdmonitor.service | + | ○ ├─mdmonitor.service |
| - | ● ├─netcf-transaction.service | + | ● ├─ModemManager.service |
| ● ├─NetworkManager.service | ● ├─NetworkManager.service | ||
| + | ○ ├─ostree-readonly-sysroot-migration.service | ||
| ● ├─plymouth-quit-wait.service | ● ├─plymouth-quit-wait.service | ||
| - | ● ├─plymouth-quit.service | + | ○ ├─plymouth-quit.service |
| - | ● ├─rpcbind.service | + | ● ├─rhsmcertd.service |
| ● ├─rsyslog.service | ● ├─rsyslog.service | ||
| - | ● ├─smartd.service | + | ○ ├─smartd.service |
| ● ├─sshd.service | ● ├─sshd.service | ||
| - | ● ├─sssd.service | + | ○ ├─sssd.service |
| ● ├─systemd-ask-password-wall.path | ● ├─systemd-ask-password-wall.path | ||
| ● ├─systemd-logind.service | ● ├─systemd-logind.service | ||
| - | ● ├─systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service | + | ○ ├─systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service |
| ● ├─systemd-user-sessions.service | ● ├─systemd-user-sessions.service | ||
| - | ● ├─tuned.service | + | ○ ├─tuned.service |
| - | ● ├─vdo.service | + | ○ ├─vmtoolsd.service |
| ● ├─basic.target | ● ├─basic.target | ||
| ● │ ├─-.mount | ● │ ├─-.mount | ||
| - | ● │ ├─microcode.service | + | ○ │ ├─low-memory-monitor.service |
| + | ○ │ ├─microcode.service | ||
| ● │ ├─paths.target | ● │ ├─paths.target | ||
| ● │ ├─slices.target | ● │ ├─slices.target | ||
| Ligne 1521: | Ligne 994: | ||
| ● │ │ ├─iscsid.socket | ● │ │ ├─iscsid.socket | ||
| ● │ │ ├─iscsiuio.socket | ● │ │ ├─iscsiuio.socket | ||
| - | ● │ │ ├─libvirtd-ro.socket | + | ○ │ │ ├─multipathd.socket |
| - | ● │ │ ├─libvirtd.socket | + | |
| - | ● │ │ ├─rpcbind.socket | + | |
| ● │ │ ├─sssd-kcm.socket | ● │ │ ├─sssd-kcm.socket | ||
| ● │ │ ├─systemd-coredump.socket | ● │ │ ├─systemd-coredump.socket | ||
| Ligne 1530: | Ligne 1001: | ||
| ● │ │ ├─systemd-journald.socket | ● │ │ ├─systemd-journald.socket | ||
| ● │ │ ├─systemd-udevd-control.socket | ● │ │ ├─systemd-udevd-control.socket | ||
| - | lines 1-57 | + | ● │ │ └─systemd-udevd-kernel.socket |
| + | ● │ ├─sysinit.target | ||
| + | ● │ │ ├─dev-hugepages.mount | ||
| + | lines 1-55 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1542: | Ligne 1016: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | 0 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too. | + | UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION |
| - | To show all installed unit files use ' | + | 0 loaded units listed. |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1550: | Ligne 1024: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| total 0 | total 0 | ||
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 May 8 2020 atd.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Oct 19 2023 atd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 May 8 2020 auditd.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Oct 19 2023 auditd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 Jun 3 14:02 avahi-daemon.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 Oct 19 2023 avahi-daemon.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 May 8 2020 chronyd.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Oct 19 2023 crond.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 May 8 2020 crond.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 Oct 19 2023 cups.path -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 Jun 3 14:02 cups.path -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Oct 19 2023 cups.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Jun 3 14:02 cups.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Oct 19 2023 firewalld.service |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 May 8 2020 dnf-makecache.timer -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 52 Oct 19 2023 insights-client-boot.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 May 8 2020 firewalld.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 42 Oct 19 2023 irqbalance.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 42 May 8 2020 irqbalance.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Oct 19 2023 kdump.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 May 8 2020 kdump.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 Oct 19 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Apr 19 12:07 ksm.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Oct 19 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Apr 19 12:07 ksmtuned.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Oct 19 2023 mdmonitor.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 May 8 2020 libstoragemgmt.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 Oct 19 2023 ModemManager.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Apr 19 12:07 libvirtd.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 Oct 19 2023 NetworkManager.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 May 8 2020 mcelog.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Oct 19 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 May 8 2020 mdmonitor.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Oct 19 2023 rhsmcertd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 49 Apr 19 12:07 netcf-transaction.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Oct 19 2023 rsyslog.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 May 8 2020 NetworkManager.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Oct 19 2023 smartd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Apr 19 12:07 nfs-client.target -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Oct 19 2023 sshd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 May 8 2020 remote-fs.target -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Oct 19 2023 sssd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Apr 19 12:07 rpcbind.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Oct 19 2023 tuned.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 May 8 2020 rsyslog.service -> / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Oct 19 2023 vmtoolsd.service -> / |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 May 8 2020 smartd.service -> / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 May 8 2020 sshd.service -> / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 May 8 2020 sssd.service -> / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 May 8 2020 tuned.service -> / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 May 8 2020 vdo.service -> / | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| total 0 | total 0 | ||
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Apr 7 12:08 dbus.service | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Jul 18 13:00 getty.target |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Apr 7 16:55 getty.target | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 May 17 18:27 ostree-readonly-sysroot-migration.service |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Oct 6 2020 plymouth-quit.service -> ../ | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Jul 14 2023 plymouth-quit.service -> ../ |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Oct 6 2020 plymouth-quit-wait.service -> ../ | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 14 2023 plymouth-quit-wait.service -> ../ |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 Apr 7 16:55 systemd-ask-password-wall.path -> ../ | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 Jul 18 13:00 systemd-ask-password-wall.path -> ../ |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Apr 7 16:55 systemd-logind.service -> ../ | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Jul 18 13:00 systemd-logind.service -> ../ |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Apr 7 16:55 systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service -> ../ | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Jul 18 13:00 systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service -> ../ |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Apr 7 16:55 systemd-user-sessions.service -> ../ | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Jul 18 13:00 systemd-user-sessions.service -> ../ |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1600: | Ligne 1069: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | multi-user.target | + | graphical.target |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1607: | Ligne 1076: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 May 8 2020 / | + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Oct 19 2023 / |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1616: | Ligne 1085: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | Removed / | + | Removed |
| - | Created symlink / | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Jun 6 08:11 / | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | Removed / | + | |
| Created symlink / | Created symlink / | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Jun 6 08:11 / | + | [root@redhat9 |
| + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Sep 26 14:50 / | ||
| + | |||
| + | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target | ||
| + | Removed "/ | ||
| + | Created symlink / | ||
| + | |||
| + | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l / | ||
| + | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Sep 26 14:51 / | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1633: | Ligne 1105: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | rescue.target | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | rescue.target |
| - | 3 1 | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | | + | 5 1 |
| + | |||
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| + | | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | multi-user.target | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | 1 3 | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | | + | 1 5 |
| + | |||
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| + | | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1659: | Ligne 1137: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| + | Updating Subscription Management repositories. | ||
| + | Last metadata expiration check: 1:59:56 ago on Thu 26 Sep 2024 12:57:02 PM CEST. | ||
| + | Dependencies resolved. | ||
| + | ================================================================================================================================================================================================================== | ||
| + | | ||
| + | ================================================================================================================================================================================================================== | ||
| + | Installing: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | Installing dependencies: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | Installing weak dependencies: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | |||
| + | Transaction Summary | ||
| + | ================================================================================================================================================================================================================== | ||
| + | Install | ||
| + | |||
| + | Total download size: 2.2 M | ||
| + | Installed size: 6.0 M | ||
| + | Is this ok [y/N]: y | ||
| + | Downloading Packages: | ||
| + | (1/11): apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-23.el9.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (2/11): apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-23.el9.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (3/11): apr-util-1.6.1-23.el9.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (4/11): redhat-logos-httpd-90.4-2.el9.noarch.rpm | ||
| + | (5/11): apr-1.7.0-12.el9_3.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (6/11): mod_http2-2.0.26-2.el9_4.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (7/11): httpd-core-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (8/11): httpd-filesystem-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.noarch.rpm | ||
| + | (9/11): httpd-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (10/11): httpd-tools-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | (11/11): mod_lua-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.x86_64.rpm | ||
| + | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| + | Total 1.2 MB/s | 2.2 MB | ||
| + | Running transaction check | ||
| + | Transaction check succeeded. | ||
| + | Running transaction test | ||
| + | Transaction test succeeded. | ||
| + | Running transaction | ||
| + | Preparing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.noarch | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Installing | ||
| + | Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.x86_64 | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Verifying | ||
| + | Installed products updated. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Installed: | ||
| + | apr-1.7.0-12.el9_3.x86_64 | ||
| + | httpd-core-2.4.57-11.el9_4.1.x86_64 | ||
| + | redhat-logos-httpd-90.4-2.el9.noarch | ||
| + | |||
| + | Complete! | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1665: | Ligne 1223: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | + | ○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1680: | Ligne 1238: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| disabled | disabled | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1687: | Ligne 1245: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| Created symlink / | Created symlink / | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| enabled | enabled | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | + | ○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1713: | Ligne 1271: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| inactive | inactive | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1720: | Ligne 1278: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1726: | Ligne 1284: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| active | active | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ||
| - | Loaded: loaded (/ | + | Loaded: loaded (/ |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Main PID: 34382 (httpd) | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Tasks: | + | Tasks: |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | CPU: 128ms |
| - | | + | CGroup: / |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| + | | ||
| - | Jun 06 15:33:05 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 06 15:33:06 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| - | Jun 06 15:33:06 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1753: | Ligne 1312: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | | + | ○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Process: | + | Duration: 1min 26.084s |
| - | Main PID: 34382 (code=exited, | + | Docs: man: |
| - | | + | Process: |
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | CPU: 178ms | ||
| - | Jun 06 15:33:05 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 06 15:33:06 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| - | Jun 06 15:33:06 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| - | Jun 06 23:58:02 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:02:54 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 06 23:58:04 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: httpd.service: | + | Sep 26 15:02:55 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: httpd.service: |
| - | Jun 06 23:58:04 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. | + | Sep 26 15:02:55 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1774: | Ligne 1336: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | Removed / | + | Removed |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| - | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | | + | ○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| + | | ||
| - | Jun 06 15:33:05 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 06 15:33:06 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| - | Jun 06 15:33:06 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| - | Jun 06 23:58:02 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:02:54 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 06 23:58:04 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: httpd.service: | + | Sep 26 15:02:55 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: httpd.service: |
| - | Jun 06 23:58:04 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. | + | Sep 26 15:02:55 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1795: | Ligne 1358: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| # This is a template for httpd instances. | # This is a template for httpd instances. | ||
| # See httpd@.service(8) for more information. | # See httpd@.service(8) for more information. | ||
| Ligne 1810: | Ligne 1373: | ||
| ExecStartPre=/ | ExecStartPre=/ | ||
| ExecStartPre=/ | ExecStartPre=/ | ||
| + | ExecStartPre=/ | ||
| + | ExecStartPre=/ | ||
| ExecStart=/ | ExecStart=/ | ||
| ExecReload=/ | ExecReload=/ | ||
| Ligne 1816: | Ligne 1381: | ||
| KillMode=mixed | KillMode=mixed | ||
| PrivateTmp=true | PrivateTmp=true | ||
| + | OOMPolicy=continue | ||
| [Install] | [Install] | ||
| Ligne 1845: | Ligne 1411: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1852: | Ligne 1419: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1859: | Ligne 1427: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| # | # | ||
| # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the | # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the | ||
| Ligne 1901: | Ligne 1470: | ||
| # directive. | # directive. | ||
| # | # | ||
| - | # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to | + | # Change this to Listen on a specific IP address, but note that if |
| - | # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. | + | # httpd.service is enabled |
| + | # available when the service starts. | ||
| + | # page for more information. | ||
| # | # | ||
| #Listen 12.34.56.78: | #Listen 12.34.56.78: | ||
| Listen 8008 | Listen 8008 | ||
| PidFile / | PidFile / | ||
| - | |||
| # | # | ||
| # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support | # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support | ||
| Ligne 1914: | Ligne 1484: | ||
| # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' | # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' | ||
| # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. | # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. | ||
| - | # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need | ||
| - | # to be loaded here. | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # Example: | ||
| - | # LoadModule foo_module modules/ | ||
| --More--(19%) | --More--(19%) | ||
| + | [q] | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1925: | Ligne 1491: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| # | # | ||
| # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the | # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the | ||
| Ligne 1967: | Ligne 1534: | ||
| # directive. | # directive. | ||
| # | # | ||
| - | # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to | + | # Change this to Listen on a specific IP address, but note that if |
| - | # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. | + | # httpd.service is enabled |
| + | # available when the service starts. | ||
| + | # page for more information. | ||
| # | # | ||
| #Listen 12.34.56.78: | #Listen 12.34.56.78: | ||
| - | Listen 8009 | + | Listen 8009 |
| PidFile / | PidFile / | ||
| + | |||
| # | # | ||
| # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support | # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support | ||
| Ligne 1979: | Ligne 1549: | ||
| # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' | # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' | ||
| # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. | # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. | ||
| - | # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need | ||
| - | # to be loaded here. | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # Example: | ||
| - | # LoadModule foo_module modules/ | ||
| --More--(19%) | --More--(19%) | ||
| + | [q] | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 1990: | Ligne 1556: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| + | [root@redhat9 | ||
| ● httpd@instance01.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ● httpd@instance01.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ||
| - | Loaded: loaded (/ | + | Loaded: loaded (/ |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Process: | + | |
| - | Process: | + | |
| - | Main PID: 43856 (httpd) | + | Process: |
| - | | + | |
| - | Tasks: | + | Main PID: 7429 (httpd) |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | Tasks: |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | CPU: 122ms |
| - | | + | CGroup: / |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sep 26 15:14:24 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | ||
| + | Sep 26 15:14:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc httpd[7429]: | ||
| + | Sep 26 15:14:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl start httpd@instance02.service | ||
| - | Jun 07 01:40:43 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | Jun 07 01:40:43 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. | + | |
| - | Jun 07 01:40:43 centos8.ittraining.loc httpd[43856]: | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl start httpd@instance02.service | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | |
| ● httpd@instance02.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ● httpd@instance02.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ||
| - | Loaded: loaded (/ | + | Loaded: loaded (/ |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Process: | + | Process: |
| - | Process: | + | Process: 7615 ExecStartPre=/ |
| - | Main PID: 43569 (httpd) | + | Process: |
| - | | + | |
| - | Tasks: | + | Main PID: 7618 (httpd) |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | Tasks: |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | CPU: 113ms |
| - | | + | CGroup: / |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| - | Jun 07 01:36:45 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:14:43 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 07 01:36:45 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:14:43 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| - | Jun 07 01:36:45 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:14:43 redhat9.ittraining.loc |
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 2041: | Ligne 1616: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | + | ○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:25 centos8.ittraining.loc httpd[58535]: | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:29 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc httpd[7187]: Server |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:30 centos8.ittraining.loc | + | Sep 26 15:01:28 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:30 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. | + | Sep 26 15:02:54 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:32 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | Sep 26 15:02:55 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: httpd.service: |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:32 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. | + | Sep 26 15:02:55 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:32 centos8.ittraining.loc httpd[58760]: | + | |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:34 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server... | + | |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:36 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: httpd.service: | + | |
| - | Jun 07 18:27:36 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server. | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| Created symlink / | Created symlink / | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| Failed to enable unit: Unit file / | Failed to enable unit: Unit file / | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| Failed to start httpd.service: | Failed to start httpd.service: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| Ligne 2071: | Ligne 1642: | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | Removed / | + | Removed |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| Created symlink / | Created symlink / | ||
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| - | [root@centos8 | + | [root@redhat9 |
| ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server | ||
| - | Loaded: loaded (/ | + | Loaded: loaded (/ |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Main PID: 59101 (httpd) | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Tasks: | + | Tasks: |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | CPU: 99ms |
| - | | + | CGroup: / |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | + | | |
| - | Jun 07 18:30:59 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... | + | |
| - | Jun 07 18:30:59 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. | + | |
| - | Jun 07 18:31:00 centos8.ittraining.loc httpd[59101]: | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | =====Arrêt du Système===== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Sous RHEL / CentOS 8 les commandes **halt**, **poweroff**, | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Apr 7 16:55 / | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | La manière recommendée d' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * systemctl halt | + | |
| - | * systemctl poweroff | + | |
| - | * systemctl reboot | + | |
| - | * systemctl shutdown | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Il est cependant toujours possibles d' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====La Commande shutdown==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Lors de l' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * Il previent les utilisateurs, | + | |
| - | * Il arrête tous les services, | + | |
| - | * Il inscrit toutes les données sur disque, | + | |
| - | * Il démonte les systèmes de fichiers. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | La commande utilisée pour arrêter le système est la commande **shutdown** : | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | shutdown [-t sec] [-HPrhkc] heure [message] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Options de la commande=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# shutdown --help | + | |
| - | shutdown [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Shut down the system. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | | + | |
| - | -H --halt | + | |
| - | -P --poweroff | + | |
| - | -r --reboot | + | |
| - | -h | + | |
| - | -k | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -c | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | L' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ^ Valeur ^ Description ^ | + | |
| - | | hh:mm | L' | + | |
| - | | +m | Nombre de minutes avant que l' | + | |
| - | | now | L' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
| - | **Important** : Si l' | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | L' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# date && shutdown -t 60 -k | + | |
| - | Mon Jun 7 18:58:26 EDT 2021 | + | |
| - | Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2021-06-07 18:59:26 EDT, use ' | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== La Commande reboot==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Cette commande redémarre le système. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Options de la commande=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# reboot --help | + | |
| - | reboot [OPTIONS...] [ARG] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Reboot the system. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -p --poweroff | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -f --force | + | |
| - | -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/ | + | |
| - | -d --no-wtmp | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== La Commande halt==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Cette commande arrête le système. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Options de la commande=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# halt --help | + | |
| - | halt [OPTIONS...] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Halt the system. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -p --poweroff | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -f --force | + | |
| - | -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/ | + | |
| - | -d --no-wtmp | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== La Commande poweroff==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Cette commande arrête le système et coupe l' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Options de la commande=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | [root@centos8 ~]# poweroff --help | + | |
| - | poweroff [OPTIONS...] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Power off the system. | + | |
| - | | + | Sep 26 15:17:38 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... |
| - | --halt | + | Sep 26 15:17:38 redhat9.ittraining.loc httpd[7896]: |
| - | -p --poweroff | + | Sep 26 15:17:38 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. |
| - | | + | |
| - | -f --force | + | |
| - | -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/ | + | |
| - | -d --no-wtmp | + | |
| - | --no-wall | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| ----- | ----- | ||
| Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris. | Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris. | ||