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elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124:l102 [2024/09/25 08:08] – adminelearning:workbooks:redhat:rh124:l102 [2024/09/25 12:40] (Version actuelle) – admin
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# type ifconfig+[trainee@redhat9 ~]$ su - 
 +Password: fenestros 
 +[root@redhat9 ~]# type ifconfig
 ifconfig is /usr/sbin/ifconfig ifconfig is /usr/sbin/ifconfig
 </code> </code>
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# ifconfig --help+[root@redhat9 ~]# ifconfig --help
 Usage: Usage:
   ifconfig [-a] [-v] [-s] <interface> [[<AF>] <address>]   ifconfig [-a] [-v] [-s] <interface> [[<AF>] <address>]
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# type type+[root@redhat9 ~]# type type
 type is a shell builtin type is a shell builtin
 </code> </code>
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# help +[root@redhat9 ~]# help 
-GNU bash, version 4.4.19(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)+GNU bash, version 5.1.8(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
 These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list. These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list.
 Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
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 A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
  
- job_spec [&]                                                                                     history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...] + job_spec [&]                                    history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anr> 
- (( expression ))                                                                                 if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi + (( expression ))                                if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS;> 
- . filename [arguments]                                                                           jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args] + . filename [arguments]                          jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x comma> 
- :                                                                                                kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec] + :                                               kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid> 
- [ arg... ]                                                                                       let arg [arg ...] + [ arg... ]                                      let arg [arg ...] 
- [[ expression ]]                                                                                 local [option] name[=value] ... + [[ expression ]]                                local [option] name[=value] ... 
- alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]                                                                   logout [n] + alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]                  logout [n] 
- bg [job_spec ...]                                                                                mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] > + bg [job_spec ...]                               mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-> 
- bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-co>  popd [-n] [+N | -N] + bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [->  popd [-n] [+N | -N] 
- break [n]                                                                                        printf [-v var] format [arguments] + break [n]                                       printf [-v var] format [arguments] 
- builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]                                                                pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir] + builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]               pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir] 
- caller [expr]                                                                                    pwd [-LP] + caller [expr]                                   pwd [-LP] 
- case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac                                       read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] > + case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND>  read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] > 
- cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]                                                                     readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array] + cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]                    readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] > 
- command [-pVv] command [arg ...]                                                                 readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p + command [-pVv] command [arg ...]                readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readon> 
- compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist]  [-F function] [-C >  return [n] + compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A actio>  return [n] 
- complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist]  [-F f>  select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done + complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o opt>  select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; do> 
- compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]                                                          set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...] + compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]        set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [-> 
- continue [n]                                                                                     shift [n] + continue [n]                                    shift [n] 
- coproc [NAME] command [redirections]                                                             shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...] + coproc [NAME] command [redirections]            shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...] 
- declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]                                                  source filename [arguments] + declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] .>  source filename [arguments] 
- dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]                                                                           suspend [-f] + dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]                          suspend [-f] 
- disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]                                                        test [expr] + disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]       test [expr] 
- echo [-neE] [arg ...]                                                                            time [-p] pipeline + echo [-neE] [arg ...]                           time [-p] pipeline 
- enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]                                                     times + enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]    times 
- eval [arg ...]                                                                                   trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...] + eval [arg ...]                                  trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...] 
- exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]                                 true + exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argument ...]]>  true 
- exit [n]                                                                                         type [-afptP] name [name ...] + exit [n]                                        type [-afptP] name [name ...] 
- export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p                                                     typeset [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] name[=value] ... + export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p    typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] name[=value] .> 
- false                                                                                            ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [limit] + false                                           ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [limit] 
- fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]                                 umask [-p] [-S] [mode] + fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s >  umask [-p] [-S] [mode] 
- fg [job_spec]                                                                                    unalias [-a] name [name ...] + fg [job_spec]                                   unalias [-a] name [name ...] 
- for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done                                                     unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...] + for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done    unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...] 
- for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done                                                    until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done + for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; don>   until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done 
- function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }                                           variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables + function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COM>  variables - Names and meanings of some shell> 
- getopts optstring name [arg]                                                                     wait [-n] [id ...] + getopts optstring name [arg ...]                wait [-fn] [-p var] [id ...] 
- hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]                                                        while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done + hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]       while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done 
- help [-dms] [pattern ...]                                                                        { COMMANDS ; }+ help [-dms] [pattern ...]                       { COMMANDS ; }
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# help type+[root@redhat9 ~]# help type
 type: type [-afptP] name [name ...] type: type [-afptP] name [name ...]
     Display information about command type.     Display information about command type.
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# man passwd +[root@redhat9 ~]# man passwd 
-BASH_BUILTINS(1)                                                                   General Commands Manual                                                                   BASH_BUILTINS(1)+PASSWD(1)                                                                                      User utilities                                                                                      PASSWD(1)
  
 NAME NAME
-       bash,  :,  ., [, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, caller, cd, command, compgen, complete, compopt, continue, declare, dirs, disown, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, +       passwd - update user's authentication tokens
-       fg, getopts, hash, help, history, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, mapfile, popd, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, shopt, source, suspend,  test,  times,  trap, +
-       true, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias, unset, wait - bash built-in commands, see bash(1)+
  
-BASH BUILTIN COMMANDS +SYNOPSIS 
-       Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by - accepts -- to signify the end of the options.  The :, true, false, and test +       passwd [-k] [-l] [-u [-f]] [-d] [-e] [-n mindays] [-x maxdays] [-w warndays] [-i inactivedays] [-S] [--stdin] [-?] [--usage] [username]
-       builtins do not accept options and do not treat -- specially.  The exit, logout, return, break, continue, let, and shift builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -  with‐ +
-       out  requiring  --.  Other builtins that accept arguments but are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with - as invalid options and require -- to prevent +
-       this interpretation. +
-       : [arguments] +
-              No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding arguments and performing any specified redirections.  The return status is zero.+
  
-        .  filename [arguments] +DESCRIPTION 
-       source filename [arguments] +       The passwd utility is used to update user's authentication token(s). 
-              Read and execute commands from filename in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from filename.  If filename does not contain a + 
-              slash,  filenames  in PATH are used to find the directory containing filename.  The file searched for in PATH need not be executable.  When bash is not in posix mode, the cur‐ +       This  task is achieved through calls to the Linux-PAM and Libuser API.  Essentially, it initializes itself as a "passwd" service with Linux-PAM and utilizes configured password modules to authenti‐ 
-              rent directory is searched if no file is found in PATH.  If the sourcepath option to the shopt builtin command is turned off, the PATH is not searched.  If any  arguments  are +       cate and then update a user's password. 
-              supplied,  they  become  the positional parameters when filename is executed.  Otherwise the positional parameters are unchanged.  If the -T option is enabled, source inherits + 
-              any trap on DEBUG; if it is not, any DEBUG trap string is saved and restored around the call to source, and source unsets the DEBUG trap while it executes.  If -T is not  set, +       A simple entry in the global Linux-PAM configuration file for this service would be: 
-              and  the sourced file changes the DEBUG trap, the new value is retained when source completes.  The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 + 
-              if no commands are executed), and false if filename is not found or cannot be read.+        # 
 +        # passwd service entry that does strength checking of 
 +        # a proposed password before updating it. 
 +        # 
 +        passwd password requisite pam_cracklib.so retry=3 
 +        passwd password required pam_unix.so use_authtok 
 +        # 
 + 
 +       Note, other module types are not required for this application to function correctly. 
 + 
 +OPTIONS 
 +       -k, --keep-tokens 
 +              The option -k is used to indicate that the update should only be for expired authentication tokens (passwords); the user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as before. 
 + 
 +       -l, --lock 
 +              This option is used to lock the password of specified account and it is available to root only. The locking is performed by rendering the encrypted password into an invalid string  (by  pre‐ 
 +              fixing  the encrypted string with an !). Note that the account is not fully locked - the user can still log in by other means of authentication such as the ssh public key authentication. Use 
 +              chage -E 0 user command instead for full account locking. 
 + 
 +       --stdin 
 +              This option is used to indicate that passwd should read the new password from standard input, which can be a pipe. 
 + 
 +       -u, --unlock 
 +              This is the reverse of the -l option - it will unlock the account password by removing the ! prefix. This option is available to root only. By default passwd will refuse to  create  a  pass‐ 
 +              wordless account (it will not unlock an account that has only "!" as a password). The force option -f will override this protection. 
 + 
 +       -d, --delete 
 +              This is a quick way to delete a password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless. Available to root only. 
 + 
 +              Note that if the password was locked, this implicitly removes the password lock as well. 
 + 
 +       -e, --expire 
 +              This is a quick way to expire a password for an account. The user will be forced to change the password during the next login attempt.  Available to root only.
  
-       alias [-p] [name[=value] ...] +       -f, --force 
-              Alias with no arguments or with the -p option prints the list of aliases in the form alias name=value on standard output.  When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for +              Force the specified operation.
-              each name whose value is given.  A trailing space in value causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.  For each name in the argument +
-              list for which no value is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed.  Alias returns true unless a name is given for which no alias has been defined.+
  
-       bg [jobspec ...] +       -n, --minimum DAYS 
-              Resume each suspended job jobspec in the background, as if it had been started with &.  If jobspec is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used.   bg  jobspec +              This will set the minimum password lifetime, in days, if the user's account supports password lifetimes.  Available to root only.
-              returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, any specified jobspec was not found or was started without job control.+
  
-       bind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSVX] +       -x, --maximum DAYS 
-       bind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq] +              This will set the maximum password lifetime, in days, if the user's account supports password lifetimes.  Available to root only. 
-       bind [-m keymap] -f filename + Manual page passwd(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
-       bind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command +
-       bind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name +
-       bind [-m keymap] keyseq:readline-command +
-              Display  current readline key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a readline function or macro, or set a readline variable.  Each non-option argument is a command as +
-              it would appear in .inputrc, but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.  Options, if supplied, have the  follow‐ +
- Manual page help(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)+
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# whereis passwd +[root@redhat9 ~]# whereis passwd 
-passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5.gz+passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd /usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5.gz /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1ossl.gz /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# man 5 passwd +[root@redhat9 ~]# man 5 passwd 
-PASSWD(5)                                                                         Linux Programmer's Manual                                                                         PASSWD(5)+passwd(5)                                                                                    File Formats Manual                                                                                   passwd(5)
  
 NAME NAME
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 DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
-       The /etc/passwd file is a text file that describes user login accounts for the system.  It should have read permission allowed for all users (many utilities, like ls(1) use it to map +       The  /etc/passwd  file  is a text file that describes user login accounts for the system.  It should have read permission allowed for all users (many utilities, like ls(1) use it to map user IDs to 
-       user IDs to usernames), but write access only for the superuser.+       usernames), but write access only for the superuser.
  
-       In the good old days there was no great problem with this general read permission.  Everybody could read the encrypted passwords, but the hardware was too slow to crack a well-chosen +       In the good old days there was no great problem with this general read permission.  Everybody could read the encrypted passwords, but the hardware was too slow to crack a well-chosen password,  and 
-       password, and moreover the basic assumption used to be that of a friendly user-community.  These days many people run some version of the shadow password suite, where /etc/passwd has +       moreover  the  basic  assumption  used  to be that of a friendly user-community.  These days many people run some version of the shadow password suite, where /etc/passwd has an 'x' character in the 
-       an 'x' character in the password field, and the encrypted passwords are in /etc/shadow, which is readable by the superuser only.+       password field, and the encrypted passwords are in /etc/shadow, which is readable by the superuser only.
  
-       If the encrypted password, whether in /etc/passwd or in /etc/shadow, is an empty string, login is allowed without even asking for a password.  Note that  this  functionality  may  be +       If the encrypted password, whether in /etc/passwd or in /etc/shadow, is an empty string, login is allowed without even asking for a password.  Note that this functionality may be intentionally dis‐ 
-       intentionally disabled in applications, or configurable (for example using the "nullok" or "nonull" arguments to pam_unix.so).+       abled in applications, or configurable (for example using the "nullok" or "nonull" arguments to pam_unix(8)).
  
        If the encrypted password in /etc/passwd is "*NP*" (without the quotes), the shadow record should be obtained from an NIS+ server.        If the encrypted password in /etc/passwd is "*NP*" (without the quotes), the shadow record should be obtained from an NIS+ server.
  
-       Regardless  of whether shadow passwords are used, many system administrators use an asterisk (*) in the encrypted password field to make sure that this user can not authenticate him- +       Regardless  of  whether  shadow  passwords are used, many system administrators use an asterisk (*) in the encrypted password field to make sure that this user can not authenticate themself using a 
-       or herself using a password.  (But see NOTES below.)+       password.  (But see NOTES below.)
  
        If you create a new login, first put an asterisk (*) in the password field, then use passwd(1) to set it.        If you create a new login, first put an asterisk (*) in the password field, then use passwd(1) to set it.
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        GID         This is the numeric primary group ID for this user.  (Additional groups for the user are defined in the system group file; see group(5)).        GID         This is the numeric primary group ID for this user.  (Additional groups for the user are defined in the system group file; see group(5)).
  
-       GECOS       This field (sometimes called the "comment field") is optional and used only for informational purposes.  Usually, it contains the full username.  Some programs (for exam‐ +       GECOS       This field (sometimes called the "comment field") is optional and used only for informational purposes.  Usually, it contains the full username.  Some programs (for example,  finger(1)) 
-                   ple, finger(1)) display information from this field.+                   display information from this field.
  
-                   GECOS  stands for "General Electric Comprehensive Operating System", which was renamed to GCOS when GE's large systems division was sold to Honeywell.  Dennis Ritchie has +                   GECOS  stands  for  "General  Electric  Comprehensive  Operating System", which was renamed to GCOS when GE's large systems division was sold to Honeywell.  Dennis Ritchie has reported: 
-                   reported: "Sometimes we sent printer output or batch jobs to the GCOS machine.  The gcos field in the password file was a place to stash the information for  the  $IDENT‐+                   "Sometimes we sent printer output or batch jobs to the GCOS machine.  The gcos field in the password file was a place to stash the information for the $IDENTcard.  Not elegant." 
 + 
 +       directory   This is the user's home directory: the initial directory where the user is placed after logging in.  The value in this field is used to set the HOME environment variable. 
 + 
 +       shell       This is the program to run at login (if empty, use /bin/sh).  If set to a nonexistent executable, the user will be unable to login through login(1).  The value in this field is used  to 
 +                   set the SHELL environment variable. 
 + 
 +FILES 
 +       /etc/passwd 
 + 
 +NOTES 
 +       If you want to create user groups, there must be an entry in /etc/group, or no group will exist. 
 + 
 +       If  the  encrypted  password  is  set  to an asterisk (*), the user will be unable to login using login(1), but may still login using rlogin(1), run existing processes and initiate new ones through 
 +       rsh(1), cron(8), at(1), or mail filters, etc.  Trying to lock an account by simply changing the shell field yields the same result and additionally allows the use of su(1). 
 + 
 +SEE ALSO
  Manual page passwd(5) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)  Manual page passwd(5) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
 </code> </code>
Ligne 318: Ligne 352:
  
 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# mandb+[root@redhat9 ~]# mandb 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/overrides...
 Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/overrides... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/overrides...
-Updating index cache for path `/usr/share/man/overrides/man3'. Wait...done. +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man... 
-Checking for stray cats under /usr/share/man/overrides... +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man... 
-Checking for stray cats under /var/cache/man/overrides... +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/overrides... 
-...+Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/overrides... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ru... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ru... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/cs... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/cs... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/da... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/da... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/de... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/de... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/fr... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/fr... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/hu... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/hu... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/id... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/id... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/it... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/it... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ja... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ja... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ko... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ko... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/pl... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pl... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/pt_BR... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pt_BR... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/sv... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/sv... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/tr... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/tr... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/zh_CN... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/zh_CN... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/zh_TW... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/zh_TW... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/uk... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/uk... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/es... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/es... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/sk... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/sk... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/nl... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/nl... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ca... 
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ca... 
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/pt...
 Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pt... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pt...
 +Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/sr...
 +Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/sr...
 Purging old database entries in /usr/local/share/man... Purging old database entries in /usr/local/share/man...
 Processing manual pages under /usr/local/share/man... Processing manual pages under /usr/local/share/man...
Ligne 330: Ligne 410:
 0 manual pages were added. 0 manual pages were added.
 0 stray cats were added. 0 stray cats were added.
-17 old database entries were purged.+24 old database entries were purged.
 </code> </code>
  
Ligne 336: Ligne 416:
  
 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# whatis passwd +[root@redhat9 ~]# whatis passwd
-openssl-passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes +
-passwd (1)           - update user's authentication tokens+
 passwd (5)           - password file passwd (5)           - password file
 +passwd (1)           - update user's authentication tokens
 +passwd (1ossl)       - OpenSSL application commands
 </code> </code>
  
Ligne 347: Ligne 427:
  
 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# apropos passwd+[root@redhat9 ~]# apropos passwd
 chgpasswd (8)        - update group passwords in batch mode chgpasswd (8)        - update group passwords in batch mode
 chpasswd (8)         - update passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8)         - update passwords in batch mode
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 getpwent_r (3)       - get passwd file entry reentrantly getpwent_r (3)       - get passwd file entry reentrantly
 gpasswd (1)          - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow gpasswd (1)          - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
-grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - Generate a PBKDF2 password hash.+grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB
 lpasswd (1)          - Change group or user password lpasswd (1)          - Change group or user password
-openssl-passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes+openssl-passwd (1ossl) - compute password hashes
 pam_localuser (8)    - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd pam_localuser (8)    - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd
 passwd (1)           - update user's authentication tokens passwd (1)           - update user's authentication tokens
 +passwd (1ossl)       - OpenSSL application commands
 passwd (5)           - password file passwd (5)           - password file
 passwd2des (3)       - RFS password encryption passwd2des (3)       - RFS password encryption
 pwhistory_helper (8) - Helper binary that transfers password hashes from passwd or shadow to opasswd pwhistory_helper (8) - Helper binary that transfers password hashes from passwd or shadow to opasswd
 smbpasswd (5)        - The Samba encrypted password file smbpasswd (5)        - The Samba encrypted password file
-sslpasswd (1ssl)     - compute password hashes 
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
-[root@centos8 ~]# info +[root@redhat9 ~]# info
-...+
 File: dir,      Node: Top,      This is the top of the INFO tree. File: dir,      Node: Top,      This is the top of the INFO tree.
  
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                                 Access modes.                                 Access modes.
 * Finding files: (find).        Operating on files matching certain criteria. * Finding files: (find).        Operating on files matching certain criteria.
-* time: (time).                 GNU time Utility+* Time: (time).                 GNU time utility.
  
 Compression Compression
------Info: (dir)Top, 307 lines --Top------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +* Gzip: (gzip).                 General (de)compression of files (lzw). 
-Welcome to Info version 6.5.  Type H for help, h for tutorial.+ 
 +Editors 
 +* nano: (nano).                 Small and friendly text editor. 
 + 
 +Encryption 
 +* Nettle: (nettle).             A low-level cryptographic library. 
 + 
 +GNU Gettext Utilities 
 +* autopoint: (gettext)autopoint Invocation. 
 +                                Copy gettext infrastructure. 
 +* envsubst: (gettext)envsubst Invocation. 
 +                                Expand environment variables. 
 +* gettextize: (gettext)gettextize Invocation. 
 +                                Prepare a package for gettext. 
 +* gettext: (gettext).           GNU gettext utilities. 
 +* ISO3166: (gettext)Country Codes. 
 +                                ISO 3166 country codes. 
 +* ISO639: (gettext)Language Codes. 
 +                                ISO 639 language codes. 
 +* msgattrib: (gettext)msgattrib Invocation. 
 +                                Select part of a PO file. 
 +* msgcat: (gettext)msgcat Invocation. 
 +                                Combine several PO files. 
 +* msgcmp: (gettext)msgcmp Invocation. 
 +                                Compare a PO file and template. 
 +* msgcomm: (gettext)msgcomm Invocation. 
 +                                Match two PO files. 
 +* msgconv: (gettext)msgconv Invocation. 
 +-----Info: (dir)Top, 318 lines --Top------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 +Welcome to Info version 6.7.  Type H for help, h for tutorial.
 </code> </code>
  
 ----- -----
 Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris. Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris.

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