Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
elearning:workbooks:debian:6:avance:l103 [2020/02/21 06:28] – créée admin | elearning:workbooks:debian:6:avance:l103 [2020/08/07 16:18] (Version actuelle) – admin | ||
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Ligne 3: | Ligne 3: | ||
Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
- | ======LDF303 - Gestion du Système X et de l' | + | ======LDF303 - Gestion du Noyau et des Quotas====== |
- | =====X Window System===== | + | =====Contenu du Module===== |
- | L' | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
- | * Fenêtres, | + | =====Rôle du noyau===== |
- | * Boutons, | + | |
- | * Menus, | + | |
- | * Curseur de souris, | + | |
- | * etc. | + | |
- | **X** est une application client/serveur. | + | Le noyau ou // |
- | Il existe trois versions | + | * la diminution |
+ | * la prise en charge de nouveau matériel, | ||
+ | * l' | ||
+ | * l' | ||
+ | * la correction de bogues, | ||
+ | * le besoin d'une fonctionnalité expérimentale. | ||
- | * **[[http:// | + | Commencez par identifier le noyau utilisé par votre machine |
- | * un logiciel libre utilisé par la majorité des distributions jusqu' | + | |
- | * **[[http:// | + | |
- | * un logiciel libre utilisé depuis les modifications de la licence de XFree86 en 2004. La version 6.7.0 était basé sur la version 4.3.99 de XFree86. Depuis le développement est indépendant de son prédécesseur. | + | |
- | * **[[http:// | + | |
- | * un logiciel commercial édité par la société **Xi Graphics** possedant sa propre base de pilotes graphiques. | + | |
- | ====Configuration==== | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | 3.16.0-4-amd64 | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | IL existe plusieurs outils pour configurer | + | Dans le cas d'une utilisation courante de Linux, il est cependant préférable de faire appel aux **modules**. Les modules se trouvent dans le répertoire **/ |
- | * **XFree86 configure** est la commande utilisé pour configurer un serveur X basé sur XFree86 4.x. Cette commande produit le fichier **/root/XF86Config.new** qui peut être configuré manuellement. | + | < |
- | | + | root@debian8:~# ls /lib/ |
+ | kernel | ||
+ | modules.alias | ||
+ | modules.alias.bin modules.dep modules.order modules.symbols.bin | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | Les commandes |
- | **Important** : Ces deux commandes | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Deux outils qui ne bénéficient plus de support sont **xf86cfg** et **xorgcfg** sont parfois présents dans la distribution et peuvent être utilisés pour configurer le serveur X. | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
- | Dernièrement il existe des outils spécifiques à une distribution | + | Par exemple |
- | * Red Hat, CentOS, Fedora : **system-config-display**. | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Module | ||
+ | cfg80211 | ||
+ | rfkill | ||
+ | nfsd 263032 | ||
+ | auth_rpcgss | ||
+ | oid_registry | ||
+ | nfs_acl | ||
+ | nfs | ||
+ | lockd 83389 2 nfs,nfsd | ||
+ | fscache | ||
+ | sunrpc | ||
+ | crc32_pclmul | ||
+ | aesni_intel | ||
+ | joydev | ||
+ | aes_x86_64 | ||
+ | lrw 12757 1 aesni_intel | ||
+ | gf128mul | ||
+ | glue_helper | ||
+ | i2c_piix4 | ||
+ | ablk_helper | ||
+ | cryptd | ||
+ | ppdev 16782 0 | ||
+ | i2c_core | ||
+ | serio_raw | ||
+ | evdev 17445 7 | ||
+ | pcspkr | ||
+ | parport_pc | ||
+ | snd_intel8x0 | ||
+ | snd_ac97_codec | ||
+ | snd_pcm | ||
+ | snd_timer | ||
+ | snd 65244 4 snd_ac97_codec, | ||
+ | ac | ||
+ | soundcore | ||
+ | video 18096 0 | ||
+ | battery | ||
+ | ac97_bus | ||
+ | parport | ||
+ | button | ||
+ | processor | ||
+ | thermal_sys | ||
+ | fuse | ||
+ | autofs4 | ||
+ | ext4 473801 | ||
+ | crc16 12343 1 ext4 | ||
+ | mbcache | ||
+ | jbd2 | ||
+ | hid_generic | ||
+ | usbhid | ||
+ | hid | ||
+ | sr_mod | ||
+ | cdrom 47424 1 sr_mod | ||
+ | ohci_pci | ||
+ | sg | ||
+ | sd_mod | ||
+ | crc_t10dif | ||
+ | crct10dif_generic | ||
+ | ata_generic | ||
+ | ohci_hcd | ||
+ | ehci_pci | ||
+ | ehci_hcd | ||
+ | ata_piix | ||
+ | e1000 | ||
+ | ahci | ||
+ | libahci | ||
+ | crct10dif_pclmul | ||
+ | crct10dif_common | ||
+ | usbcore | ||
+ | usb_common | ||
+ | crc32c_intel | ||
+ | libata | ||
+ | scsi_mod | ||
+ | psmouse | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | Pour ajouter un module, on peut utiliser la commande |
- | **Important** : Les outils disponibles pour le serveur XFree86 version 3.3.6 et antérieure était **xf86config**, **Xconfigurator** ou **XF86Setup**. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les fichiers de configuration de chaque serveur X sont : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# modprobe bonding | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Module | ||
+ | bonding | ||
+ | cfg80211 | ||
+ | rfkill | ||
+ | nfsd 263032 | ||
+ | auth_rpcgss | ||
+ | oid_registry | ||
+ | nfs_acl | ||
+ | nfs | ||
+ | lockd 83389 2 nfs,nfsd | ||
+ | fscache | ||
+ | sunrpc | ||
+ | crc32_pclmul | ||
+ | aesni_intel | ||
+ | joydev | ||
+ | aes_x86_64 | ||
+ | lrw 12757 1 aesni_intel | ||
+ | gf128mul | ||
+ | glue_helper | ||
+ | i2c_piix4 | ||
+ | ablk_helper | ||
+ | cryptd | ||
+ | ppdev 16782 0 | ||
+ | --More-- | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | * **[[http:// | + | Pour supprimer un module, on peut utiliser la commande |
- | | + | |
- | * **[[http:// | + | |
- | * **/ | + | |
- | * **[[http:// | + | |
- | * **/ | + | |
- | =====Gestionnaire de Fenêtres===== | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Module | ||
+ | cfg80211 | ||
+ | rfkill | ||
+ | nfsd 263032 | ||
+ | auth_rpcgss | ||
+ | oid_registry | ||
+ | nfs_acl | ||
+ | nfs | ||
+ | lockd 83389 2 nfs,nfsd | ||
+ | fscache | ||
+ | sunrpc | ||
+ | crc32_pclmul | ||
+ | aesni_intel | ||
+ | joydev | ||
+ | aes_x86_64 | ||
+ | lrw 12757 1 aesni_intel | ||
+ | gf128mul | ||
+ | glue_helper | ||
+ | i2c_piix4 | ||
+ | ablk_helper | ||
+ | cryptd | ||
+ | ppdev 16782 0 | ||
+ | i2c_core | ||
+ | --More-- | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | **X** ne doit être confondue avec un **Gestionnaire de Fenêtres** (//Window Manager//). Le Gestionnaire de Fenêtres est responsable de la mise en page des élements fournis pas **X**. C'est pour cette raison que sous Linux il existe de nombreux Gestionnaires différents tels : | + | Les dépendances des modules sont résolues par la commande |
- | * KDE, | + | < |
- | * GNOME, | + | root@debian8: |
- | * twm, | + | kernel/ |
- | * IceWM, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Rvwm, | + | kernel/ |
- | * CDE, | + | kernel/ |
- | * WindowMaker, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Enlightenment, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Xfce, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Afterstep | + | w.ko kernel/ |
- | * Compiz Fusion, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Fluxbox, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Openbox, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Metacity, | + | 6_64.ko kernel/ |
- | * Blackbox, | + | o kernel/ |
- | * Ion, | + | kernel/ |
- | * Wmii, | + | kernel/ |
- | * etc. | + | o/ |
+ | x86/ | ||
+ | kernel/ | ||
+ | el/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | kernel/ | ||
+ | kernel/ | ||
+ | kernel/ | ||
+ | --More--(0%) | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Les Gestionnaires les plus connus sont : | + | Il est possible d' |
- | * **KDE** (//Kool Desktop Environment//) par **Matthias Ettrich** en **1996**, | + | < |
- | * **GNOME** | + | root@debian8: |
+ | filename: | ||
+ | author: | ||
+ | description: | ||
+ | version: | ||
+ | license: | ||
+ | alias: | ||
+ | srcversion: | ||
+ | depends: | ||
+ | intree: | ||
+ | vermagic: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | parm: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | =====Toolkits===== | + | Dernièrement, |
- | Chaque Gestionnaire utilise une bibliothèque graphique contenant des fonctions " | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | fbdev-blacklist.conf | ||
- | Une bibliothèque complète est appelée un **Widget Toolkit**. Le Toolkit le plus connu est **MOTIF**. Cependant **MOTIF** n'est pas libre. Pour cette raison les développeurs de Linux ont du concevoir des Toolkits ayant une licence libre. | + | root@debian8: |
+ | # This file blacklists most old-style PCI framebuffer drivers. | ||
- | Comme dans beaucoup de cas de développement sous Linux, il existe plusieurs Toolkits dont les deux les plus connus sont : | + | blacklist arkfb |
+ | blacklist aty128fb | ||
+ | blacklist atyfb | ||
+ | blacklist radeonfb | ||
+ | blacklist cirrusfb | ||
+ | blacklist cyber2000fb | ||
+ | blacklist kyrofb | ||
+ | blacklist matroxfb_base | ||
+ | blacklist mb862xxfb | ||
+ | blacklist neofb | ||
+ | blacklist pm2fb | ||
+ | blacklist pm3fb | ||
+ | blacklist s3fb | ||
+ | blacklist savagefb | ||
+ | blacklist sisfb | ||
+ | blacklist tdfxfb | ||
+ | blacklist tridentfb | ||
+ | blacklist vt8623fb | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | * **GTK** (//GIMP Toolkit//), programé en langage C et embarqué par défaut dans le Gestionnaire de Fenêtres **Gnome**, | + | =====Compilation |
- | * **QT** (//Cute//), programé en langage C++ et embarqué par défaut dans le Gestionnaire de Fenêtres **KDE**. | + | |
- | =====Freedesktop===== | + | Commencez par installer les paquets necessaires : |
- | Afin d' | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
- | =====Display Manager===== | + | root@debian8: |
+ | Reading package lists... Done | ||
+ | Building dependency tree | ||
+ | Reading state information... Done | ||
+ | Note, selecting ' | ||
+ | The following extra packages will be installed: | ||
+ | autopoint binutils dblatex docbook-dsssl docbook-utils docbook-xsl fonts-lmodern fonts-texgyre g++ g++-4.9 gcc gcc-4.9 gettext intltool-debian jadetex kernel-common | ||
+ | libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan1 libasprintf-dev libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl | ||
+ | libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-homedir-perl libfile-which-perl libgcc-4.9-dev libgettextpo-dev libgettextpo0 libitm1 liblsan0 libmail-sendmail-perl | ||
+ | libosp5 libostyle1c2 libpoppler-qt4-4 libpotrace0 libptexenc1 libruby2.1 libsgmls-perl libsp1c2 libstdc++-4.9-dev libsynctex1 libsys-hostname-long-perl libtcl8.6 | ||
+ | libtinfo-dev libtk8.6 libtsan0 libubsan0 libunistring0 libxml2-utils libxss1 libyaml-0-2 libyaml-tiny-perl libzzip-0-13 linux-libc-dev lmodern make manpages-dev | ||
+ | openjade po-debconf prerex preview-latex-style prosper ps2eps ruby ruby2.1 rubygems-integration sgmlspl sp tcl tcl8.6 tex-common tex-gyre texlive texlive-base | ||
+ | texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-font-utils texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc texlive-generic-recommended | ||
+ | texlive-latex-base texlive-latex-base-doc texlive-latex-extra texlive-latex-extra-doc texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-recommended-doc texlive-math-extra | ||
+ | texlive-pictures texlive-pictures-doc texlive-pstricks texlive-pstricks-doc tipa tk tk8.6 vprerex xmlto xsltproc zip | ||
+ | Suggested packages: | ||
+ | binutils-doc docbook graphicsmagick-imagemagick-compat imagemagick latex-cjk-all opensp texlive-lang-all texlive-lang-cyrillic texlive-xetex transfig dh-make | ||
+ | docbook-dsssl-doc dbtoepub docbook-xsl-doc-html docbook-xsl-doc-pdf docbook-xsl-doc-text docbook-xsl-doc docbook-xsl-saxon fop libsaxon-java libxalan2-java | ||
+ | libxslthl-java xalan debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-4.9-multilib gcc-4.9-doc libstdc++6-4.9-dbg gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc | ||
+ | gcc-4.9-multilib gcc-4.9-locales libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan1-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg | ||
+ | libquadmath0-dbg gettext-doc linux-source libncurses-dev glibc-doc ncurses-doc sgmls-doc libstdc++-4.9-doc make-doc doc-base libmail-box-perl ri ruby-dev bundler | ||
+ | tcl-tclreadline perl-tk latexdiff latexmk dvidvi fragmaster lacheck purifyeps xindy chktex dvipng psutils t1utils libtcltk-ruby dot2tex xmltex | ||
+ | Recommended packages: | ||
+ | uboot-mkimage wish | ||
+ | The following NEW packages will be installed: | ||
+ | autopoint binutils build-essential dblatex debconf-utils debhelper docbook-dsssl docbook-utils docbook-xsl dpkg-dev fakeroot fonts-lmodern fonts-texgyre g++ g++-4.9 | ||
+ | gcc gcc-4.9 gettext intltool-debian jadetex kernel-common kernel-package libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan1 | ||
+ | libasprintf-dev libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-homedir-perl libfile-which-perl libgcc-4.9-dev | ||
+ | libgettextpo-dev libgettextpo0 libitm1 liblsan0 libmail-sendmail-perl libncurses5-dev libosp5 libostyle1c2 libpoppler-qt4-4 libpotrace0 libptexenc1 libruby2.1 | ||
+ | libsgmls-perl libsp1c2 libstdc++-4.9-dev libsynctex1 libsys-hostname-long-perl libtcl8.6 libtinfo-dev libtk8.6 libtsan0 libubsan0 libunistring0 libxml2-utils | ||
+ | libxss1 libyaml-0-2 libyaml-tiny-perl libzzip-0-13 linux-libc-dev lmodern make manpages-dev openjade po-debconf prerex preview-latex-style prosper ps2eps ruby | ||
+ | ruby2.1 rubygems-integration sgmlspl sp tcl tcl8.6 tex-common tex-gyre texlive texlive-base texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils | ||
+ | texlive-font-utils texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base texlive-latex-base-doc texlive-latex-extra | ||
+ | texlive-latex-extra-doc texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-recommended-doc texlive-math-extra texlive-pictures texlive-pictures-doc texlive-pstricks | ||
+ | texlive-pstricks-doc tipa tk tk8.6 vprerex xmlto xsltproc zip | ||
+ | 0 upgraded, 111 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. | ||
+ | Need to get 793 MB of archives. | ||
+ | After this operation, 1,343 MB of additional disk space will be used. | ||
+ | Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Le **Display Manager** est chargé | + | <WRAP center round alert> |
+ | **Important** - Il n'est pas conseillé | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Pour les connexions à distance le Display Manager utilise le protocole | + | Ajoutez l' |
- | ====XDM, GDM et KDM==== | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | src:x:40: | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Adding user trainee to group src | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | src: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Le Display Manager par défaut, compatible avec tous les serveurs **X**, est **XDM**. Les deux autres Display Managers les plus connus sont : | + | ====Déplacer /home==== |
- | | + | <WRAP center round todo> |
- | | + | **A Faire** - Arrêtez votre machine virtuelle. Ajoutez un deuxième disque de 20 Go au contrôleur SATA en utilisant la section |
- | | + | </ |
- | Les deux premiers sont essentiellement des XDM avec des fonctionnalités supplémentaires telles | + | Créez une seule partition sur **/ |
- | * le passage d'un utilisateur à un autre, | + | < |
- | * la liste des utilisateurs, | + | root@debian8: |
- | * le choix d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres, | + | |
- | * la possibilité d'une autoconnexion, | + | |
- | * la liste des serveurs **X** distants, | + | |
- | * etc. | + | |
- | ====LightDM==== | + | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2). |
+ | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | ||
+ | Be careful before using the write command. | ||
- | LightDM est un gestionnaire d' | + | Device does not contain a recognized partition table. |
+ | Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5b6171fe. | ||
- | | + | Command (m for help): n |
- | * Utilisation de webkit pour le rendu des thèmes | + | Partition type |
- | * Support de Toolkits Gtk et Qt | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | Select (default p): p | ||
+ | Partition number (1-4, default 1): | ||
+ | First sector (2048-41943039, | ||
+ | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | ||
- | Le fichier | + | Created a new partition 1 of type ' |
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): w | ||
+ | The partition table has been altered. | ||
+ | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | ||
+ | Syncing disks. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un système | ||
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | # | + | mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014) |
- | # General configuration | + | Creating filesystem with 5242624 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes |
- | # | + | Filesystem UUID: 6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 |
- | # start-default-seat = True to always start one seat if none are defined in the configuration | + | Superblock backups stored |
- | # greeter-user = User to run greeter as | + | 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, |
- | # minimum-display-number = Minimum display number to use for X servers | + | 4096000 |
- | # minimum-vt = First VT to run displays on | + | |
- | # lock-memory = True to prevent memory from being paged to disk | + | |
- | # user-authority-in-system-dir = True if session authority should be in the system location | + | |
- | # guest-account-script = Script to be run to setup guest account | + | |
- | # logind-load-seats = True to automatically set up multi-seat configuration from logind | + | |
- | # logind-check-graphical = True to on start seats that are marked as graphical by logind | + | |
- | # log-directory = Directory to log information to | + | |
- | # run-directory = Directory to put running state in | + | |
- | # cache-directory = Directory to cache to | + | |
- | # sessions-directory = Directory to find sessions | + | |
- | # remote-sessions-directory = Directory to find remote sessions | + | |
- | # greeters-directory = Directory to find greeters | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | [LightDM] | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | Allocating group tables: done |
- | # Seat defaults | + | Writing inode tables: done |
- | # | + | Creating journal |
- | # type = Seat type (xlocal, xremote) | + | Writing superblocks |
- | # xdg-seat = Seat name to set pam_systemd XDG_SEAT variable | + | </code> |
- | # pam-service = PAM service to use for login | + | |
- | # pam-autologin-service = PAM service to use for autologin | + | |
- | # pam-greeter-service = PAM service to use for greeters | + | |
- | # xserver-command = X server command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. X -special-option) | + | |
- | # xserver-layout = Layout to pass to X server | + | |
- | # xserver-config = Config file to pass to X server | + | |
- | # xserver-allow-tcp = True if TCP/IP connections are allowed to this X server | + | |
- | # xserver-share = True if the X server is shared for both greeter and session | + | |
- | # xserver-hostname = Hostname of X server (only for type=xremote) | + | |
- | # xserver-display-number = Display number of X server (only for type=xremote) | + | |
- | # xdmcp-manager = XDMCP manager to connect to (implies xserver-allow-tcp=true) | + | |
- | # xdmcp-port = XDMCP UDP/IP port to communicate on | + | |
- | # xdmcp-key = Authentication key to use for XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 (stored in keys.conf) | + | |
- | # unity-compositor-command = Unity compositor command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. unity-system-compositor -special-option) | + | |
- | # unity-compositor-timeout = Number of seconds to wait for compositor to start | + | |
- | # greeter-session = Session to load for greeter | + | |
- | # greeter-hide-users = True to hide the user list | + | |
- | # greeter-allow-guest = True if the greeter should show a guest login option | + | |
- | # greeter-show-manual-login = True if the greeter should offer a manual login option | + | |
- | # greeter-show-remote-login = True if the greeter should offer a remote login option | + | |
- | # user-session = Session to load for users | + | |
- | # allow-user-switching = True if allowed to switch users | + | |
- | # allow-guest = True if guest login is allowed | + | |
- | # guest-session = Session to load for guests (overrides user-session) | + | |
- | # session-wrapper = Wrapper script to run session with | + | |
- | # greeter-wrapper = Wrapper script to run greeter with | + | |
- | # guest-wrapper = Wrapper script to run guest sessions with | + | |
- | # display-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter session (runs as root) | + | |
- | # display-stopped-script = Script to run after stopping the display server (runs as root) | + | |
- | # greeter-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter (runs as root) | + | |
- | # session-setup-script = Script to run when starting a user session (runs as root) | + | |
- | # session-cleanup-script = Script to run when quitting a user session (runs as root) | + | |
- | # autologin-guest = True to log in as guest by default | + | |
- | # autologin-user = User to log in with by default (overrides autologin-guest) | + | |
- | # autologin-user-timeout = Number of seconds to wait before loading default user | + | |
- | # autologin-session = Session to load for automatic login (overrides user-session) | + | |
- | # autologin-in-background = True if autologin session should not be immediately activated | + | |
- | # exit-on-failure = True if the daemon should exit if this seat fails | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | [SeatDefaults] | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | <WRAP center round todo> |
- | # Seat configuration | + | **A Faire** - Déconnectez-vous en ssh. Connectez-vous directement en tant que root dans la fenetre de VirtualBox. |
- | # | + | </ |
- | # Each seat must start with " | + | |
- | # Uses settings from [SeatDefaults], | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | #[Seat:0] | + | |
- | # | + | Montez **/dev/sdb1** sur /mnt : |
- | # XDMCP Server configuration | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # enabled = True if XDMCP connections should be allowed | + | |
- | # port = UDP/IP port to listen for connections on | + | |
- | # key = Authentication key to use for XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 or blank to not use authentication (stored in keys.conf) | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # The authentication key is a 56 bit DES key specified in hex as 0xnnnnnnnnnnnnnn. | + | |
- | # it can be a word and the first 7 characters are used as the key. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | [XDMCPServer] | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | #port=177 | + | |
- | #key= | + | |
- | # | + | < |
- | # VNC Server configuration | + | root@debian8: |
- | # | + | |
- | # enabled = True if VNC connections should be allowed | + | |
- | # command = Command to run Xvnc server with | + | |
- | # port = TCP/IP port to listen for connections on | + | |
- | # width = Width of display to use | + | |
- | # height = Height of display to use | + | |
- | # depth = Color depth of display to use | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | [VNCServer] | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | #depth=8 | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | La configuration | + | Copiez le contenu |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | # | + | |
- | # background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953) | + | |
- | # theme-name = GTK+ theme to use | + | |
- | # icon-theme-name = Icon theme to use | + | |
- | # font-name = Font to use | + | |
- | # xft-antialias = Whether to antialias Xft fonts (true or false) | + | |
- | # xft-dpi = Resolution for Xft in dots per inch (e.g. 96) | + | |
- | # xft-hintstyle = What degree of hinting to use (none, slight, medium, or hintfull) | + | |
- | # xft-rgba = Type of subpixel antialiasing (none, rgb, bgr, vrgb or vbgr) | + | |
- | # show-indicators = semi-colon ";" | + | |
- | # show-clock (true or false) | + | |
- | # clock-format = strftime-format string, e.g. %H:%M | + | |
- | # keyboard = command to launch on-screen keyboard | + | |
- | # position = main window position: x y | + | |
- | # default-user-image = Image used as default user icon, path or # | + | |
- | # screensaver-timeout = Timeout (in seconds) until the screen blanks when the greeter is called as lockscreen | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | [greeter] | + | |
- | background=/usr/share/images/ | + | |
- | theme-name=Adwaita | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | xft-antialias=true | + | |
- | #xft-dpi= | + | |
- | xft-hintstyle=hintfull | + | |
- | xft-rgba=rgb | + | |
- | show-indicators=~language; | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Notez que l' | + | Démontez |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Oct 23 16:36 /usr/share/images/ | + | root@debian8:~# mv /home /root |
+ | </code> | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | Identifiez l'UUID de /dev/sdb1 : |
- | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60 Oct 23 16:34 / | + | |
+ | < | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Aug 13 12:26 6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 -> ../../sdb1 | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | =====X.orgX11===== | + | Editez le fichier **/ |
- | ====Présentation==== | + | <file txt / |
+ | # /etc/fstab: static file system information. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Use ' | ||
+ | # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices | ||
+ | # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # <file system> <mount point> | ||
+ | # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation | ||
+ | UUID=4a230056-285f-42f4-bfe0-5a73dbc5b745 / | ||
+ | # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation | ||
+ | UUID=da5a77e9-344d-42aa-aed6-a38d381ba436 none swap sw 0 0 | ||
+ | UUID=6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | L' | + | Créez le point de montage |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | Xorg: /usr/ | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Les modules de **X.orgX11** sont installés par défaut dans **/usr/lib/xorg/** ou dans **/ | + | Montez |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | /usr/lib/xorg: | + | root@debian8: |
- | total 36 | + | sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw, |
- | drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 modules | + | proc on /proc type proc (rw, |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31614 Feb 11 2015 protocol.txt | + | udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw, |
+ | devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw, | ||
+ | /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw, | ||
+ | securityfs on / | ||
+ | tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | pstore on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | cgroup on / | ||
+ | systemd-1 on / | ||
+ | debugfs on / | ||
+ | mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw, | ||
+ | hugetlbfs on / | ||
+ | fusectl on / | ||
+ | rpc_pipefs on / | ||
+ | tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs on / | ||
+ | /dev/sdb1 on /home type ext4 (rw, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | /usr/ | + | Notez la taille de /home : |
- | total 1072 | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 2 13:58 drivers | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 extensions | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 input | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104144 Feb 11 2015 libexa.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17920 Feb 11 2015 libfbdevhw.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 153600 Feb 11 2015 libfb.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 305920 Feb 11 2015 libglamoregl.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 175932 Feb 11 2015 libint10.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5568 Feb 11 2015 libshadowfb.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34272 Feb 11 2015 libshadow.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26192 Feb 11 2015 libvbe.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31036 Feb 11 2015 libvgahw.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206848 Feb 11 2015 libwfb.so | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 multimedia | + | |
- | / | + | < |
- | total 4336 | + | root@debian8:~# df -h |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5600 Oct 5 2014 ati_drv.so | + | Filesystem |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31144 Jul 8 2014 cirrus_alpine.so | + | / |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14572 Jul 8 2014 cirrus_drv.so | + | udev |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25800 Jul 8 2014 cirrus_laguna.so | + | tmpfs 99M 4.8M |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19232 Jul 8 2014 fbdev_drv.so | + | tmpfs |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 260104 Jan 17 2015 geode_drv.so | + | tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1513528 Jul 8 2014 intel_drv.so | + | tmpfs |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187008 Oct 7 2014 mach64_drv.so | + | tmpfs 50M |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144956 Jul 8 2014 mga_drv.so | + | tmpfs 50M |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | + | /dev/sdb1 20G |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | + | </ |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 225736 Sep 6 2014 nouveau_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 370860 Jul 8 2014 openchrome_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184012 Jul 8 2014 qxl_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107708 Jul 8 2014 r128_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 432540 Oct | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 114232 Jul 8 2014 siliconmotion_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135256 Jul 8 2014 trident_drv.so | + | |
- | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 Nov 2 13:58 vboxvideo_drv.so -> /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxvideo_drv_116.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26868 Jan 17 2015 ztv_drv.so | + | |
- | / | + | <WRAP center round todo> |
- | total 308 | + | **A Faire** |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 311452 Feb 11 2015 libglx.so | + | </ |
- | / | + | ====Télécharger le Code Source du Noyau==== |
- | total 312 | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63976 Aug 28 2014 evdev_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48812 Oct 26 2014 mouse_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72636 Sep 18 2014 synaptics_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12976 Jul 8 2014 vmmouse_drv.so | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111240 Oct 4 2014 wacom_drv.so | + | |
- | /usr/lib/xorg/modules/multimedia: | + | Le code source est disponible sur le site **www.kernel.org** : |
- | total 88 | + | |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13760 Feb 11 2015 bt829_drv.so | + | < |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13760 Feb 11 2015 fi1236_drv.so | + | trainee@debian8: |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13760 Feb 11 2015 msp3430_drv.so | + | --2016-08-13 12:37:52-- |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5568 Feb 11 2015 tda8425_drv.so | + | Resolving www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)... 198.145.20.140, |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9664 Feb 11 2015 tda9850_drv.so | + | Connecting to www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)|198.145.20.140|: |
- | -rw-r--r-- | + | HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9664 Feb 11 2015 uda1380_drv.so | + | 2016-08-13 12:37:53 ERROR 404: Not Found. |
+ | |||
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | --2016-08-13 12:39:37-- | ||
+ | Resolving www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)... 198.145.20.140, | ||
+ | Connecting to www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)|198.145.20.140|: | ||
+ | HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK | ||
+ | Length: 80487456 (77M) [application/ | ||
+ | Saving to: ‘linux-3.16.1.tar.xz’ | ||
+ | |||
+ | linux-3.16.1.tar.xz | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2016-08-13 12:40:15 (2.08 MB/s) - ‘linux-3.16.1.tar.xz’ saved [80487456/ | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Sous Debian 8 les paquets X.orgX11 installés peuvent être trouvés en utilisant la commande suivante | + | Désarchivez le tar.xz que vous avez téléchargé |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8:~# dpkg --get-selections | grep xorg | + | trainee@debian8:~$ tar xvJf linux-3.16.1.tar.xz |
- | xorg install | + | |
- | xorg-docs-core install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-core install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-input-all install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-input-evdev install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-input-mouse install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-input-synaptics install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-input-wacom install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-all install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-ati install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-cirrus install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-fbdev install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-geode install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-intel install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-mach64 install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-mga install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-modesetting install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-neomagic install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-nouveau install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-openchrome install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-qxl install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-r128 install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-radeon install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-savage install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-sisusb install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-tdfx install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-trident install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-vesa install | + | |
- | xserver-xorg-video-vmware install | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | ====Démarrage et Arrêt==== | + | Notez que l' |
- | Les distributions RHEL ont historiquement utilisés les niveaux d' | + | < |
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | 634M ./linux-3.16.1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ====Utilisation==== | + | ====Configurer le Noyau==== |
- | Pour interagir avec et contrôler X.orgX11, un utilisateur dispose de plusieurs raccourcis claviers | + | Le fichier **Makefile** contient le nom du noyau et spécifie les informations suivantes |
- | ^ Raccourci | + | * VERSION, |
- | | < | + | * PATCHLEVEL, |
- | | < | + | * SUBLEVEL, |
- | | < | + | * EXTRAVERSION. |
- | ====Configuration==== | + | Les trois premières informations sont gérées par **kernel.org** et Linus Torvalds en personne tandis que l' |
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | <code> |
- | **Important** | + | trainee@debian8:~$ cat ./linux-3.16.1/Makefile | more |
- | </ | + | VERSION = 3 |
+ | PATCHLEVEL = 16 | ||
+ | SUBLEVEL = 1 | ||
+ | EXTRAVERSION = | ||
+ | NAME = Museum of Fishiegoodies | ||
- | Un fichier de configuration | + | # *DOCUMENTATION* |
+ | # To see a list of typical targets execute "make help" | ||
+ | # More info can be located in ./README | ||
+ | # Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not | ||
+ | # expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file. | ||
- | < | + | # Do not: |
- | Section " | + | # o use make's built-in rules and variables |
- | | + | # (this increases performance and avoids hard-to-debug behaviour); |
- | | + | # o print "Entering directory ..."; |
- | | + | MAKEFLAGS += -rR --no-print-directory |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | Section " | + | # Avoid funny character set dependencies |
- | | + | unexport LC_ALL |
- | | + | LC_COLLATE=C |
- | | + | LC_NUMERIC=C |
- | | + | export LC_COLLATE LC_NUMERIC |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | Section " | + | # Avoid interference with shell env settings |
- | | + | unexport GREP_OPTIONS |
- | Depth 24 | + | |
- | EndSubSection | + | |
- | Device | + | |
- | Identifier | + | |
- | Monitor | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Des applications tierces peuvent déposer des fichiers de configuration qui leur sont propres dans le répertoire **/ | + | # We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking |
- | + | # to get the ordering right. | |
- | < | + | # |
- | root@debian8: | + | # Most importantly: |
- | total 20 | + | # their own directory. If in some directory we have a dependency on |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1099 Feb 11 2015 10-evdev.conf | + | # a file in another dir (which doesn' |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1350 Feb 11 2015 10-quirks.conf | + | # unavoidable when linking the built-in.o targets which finally |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1753 Sep 18 2014 50-synaptics.conf | + | # turn into vmlinux), we will call a sub make in that other dir, and |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Jul 8 2014 50-vmmouse.conf | + | # after that we are sure that everything which is in that other dir |
- | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1385 Oct 4 2014 50-wacom.conf | + | # is now up to date. |
+ | # | ||
+ | # The only cases where we need to modify files which have global | ||
+ | --More-- | ||
</ | </ | ||
<WRAP center round important> | <WRAP center round important> | ||
- | **Important** | + | **Important** |
</ | </ | ||
- | Les fichiers de configuration contiennent des sections. Chaque section commence par une directive | + | Utilisez maintenant la commande |
- | <file> | + | <code> |
- | Section " | + | trainee@debian8: |
- | ... | + | Password: |
- | </file> | + | root@debian8: |
+ | root@debian8:/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | HOSTCC | ||
+ | SHIPPED scripts/ | ||
+ | SHIPPED scripts/ | ||
+ | SHIPPED scripts/ | ||
+ | HOSTCC | ||
+ | In file included from scripts/ | ||
+ | scripts/ | ||
+ | scripts/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | ^ | ||
+ | scripts/ | ||
+ | struct jump_key *jump; | ||
+ | ^ | ||
+ | HOSTLD | ||
+ | *** Default configuration is based on ' | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # configuration written to .config | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | et se termine | + | Ce fichier est configuré |
- | < | + | * make config |
- | ... | + | * make menuconfig |
- | EndSection | + | * make xconfig |
- | </ | + | |
- | Dans chaque section se trouvent des lignes | + | Dans ce fichier, vous pouvez constater la présence de lignes |
- | < | + | * **y** |
- | | + | * la fonctionalité est incluse dans le noyau monolithique ou dans le cas d'une dépendance d'un module, dans le module concerné, |
- | </ | + | |
+ | * la fonctionalité est incluse en tant que module, | ||
+ | * **n** | ||
+ | * la fonctionalité n'est pas incluse. Cette option est rarement visible car dans bien les cas, la fonctionalité est simplement commentée dans le fichier lui-même. | ||
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | <code> |
- | **A faire** | + | root@debian8:/ |
- | </WRAP> | + | # |
+ | # Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT. | ||
+ | # Linux/x86 3.16.1 Kernel Configuration | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | CONFIG_64BIT=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_X86_64=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_X86=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_INSTRUCTION_DECODER=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT=" | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG=" | ||
+ | CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_MMU=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_NEED_SG_DMA_LENGTH=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG_RELATIVE_POINTERS=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_GENERIC_HWEIGHT=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_MAY_HAVE_PC_FDC=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CPU_RELAX=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_SUSPEND_POSSIBLE=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_AUDIT_ARCH=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_OPTIMIZED_INLINING=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_HAVE_INTEL_TXT=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_X86_64_SMP=y | ||
+ | CONFIG_X86_HT=y | ||
+ | --More--(1%) | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | Certaines options sont des booléenes. Les valeurs admises sont : | + | Dernièrement, |
- | * **Vrai** | + | < |
- | * **Faux** | + | root@debian8:/ |
+ | </ | ||
- | ===La Section ServerFlags=== | + | ====La Commande make-kpkg==== |
- | Cette section optionnelle contient | + | Cette commande permet d' |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:/ | ||
+ | exec make kpkg_version=13.014+nmu1 -f / | ||
+ | ====== making target minimal_clean [new prereqs: ]====== | ||
+ | This is kernel package version 13.014+nmu1. | ||
+ | test ! -f .config || cp -pf .config config.precious | ||
+ | test ! -e stamp-building || rm -f stamp-building | ||
+ | test ! -f Makefile || \ | ||
+ | make ARCH=x86_64 distclean | ||
+ | make[1]: Entering directory '/ | ||
+ | CLEAN | ||
+ | CLEAN | ||
+ | CLEAN | ||
+ | CLEAN | ||
+ | make[1]: Leaving directory '/ | ||
+ | test ! -f config.precious || mv -f config.precious .config | ||
+ | rm -f modules/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | ====Compiler le Noyau==== |
- | Section " | + | |
- | Option " | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | La compilation du noyau peut prendre beaucoup de temps. La commande utilisée est la suivante |
- | ^ Directive | + | <code> |
- | | " | + | root@debian8: |
- | | " | + | logout |
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | ===La Section ServerLayout=== | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Important** : La commande **fakeroot** simule l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Cette section regroupe les informations concernant les périphériques en entrée et les périphériques en sortie. | + | A l'issu du processus, vous obtiendrez une sortie |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | ... | ||
+ | cp -pf debian/ | ||
+ | k=`find / | ||
+ | if file -b $i | egrep -q " | ||
+ | j="$j $i"; | ||
+ | | ||
+ | done; echo $j; )`; test -z " | ||
+ | echo "Elf Files: $K" > / | ||
+ | test -n " | ||
+ | test ! -e debian/ | ||
+ | dpkg-gencontrol -isp -DArchitecture=amd64 -plinux-headers-3.16.1i2tch \ | ||
+ | -P/ | ||
+ | dpkg-gencontrol: | ||
+ | create_md5sums_fn () { cd $1 ; find . -type f ! -regex ' | ||
+ | chown -R root: | ||
+ | chmod -R og=rX / | ||
+ | dpkg --build | ||
+ | dpkg-deb: building package `linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch' | ||
+ | cp -pf debian/ | ||
+ | make[2]: Leaving directory '/ | ||
+ | make[1]: Leaving directory '/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Notez que la génération du nouveau noyau a consommé presque 1,2 Go d' |
- | Section | + | |
- | Identifier | + | |
- | Screen | + | |
- | InputDevice | + | |
- | InputDevice | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | < |
+ | trainee@debian8:~/ | ||
+ | Filesystem | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | udev | ||
+ | tmpfs 99M 4.8M | ||
+ | tmpfs | ||
+ | tmpfs | ||
+ | tmpfs | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | tmpfs 50M | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ^ Directive | + | ====Installer |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | Les paquets du nouveau noyau est les fichiers en-tête se trouvent dans le répertoire |
- | **Important** : Le fichier de configuration peut contenir deux ou plusieurs sections ServerLayout. Seule la première sera prise en compte. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ===La Section Files=== | + | < |
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | Desktop | ||
+ | Documents | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Cette section regroupe | + | Installez maintenant |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# dpkg -i / | ||
+ | Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch. | ||
+ | (Reading database ... 134500 files and directories currently installed.) | ||
+ | Preparing to unpack .../ | ||
+ | Unpacking linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | ||
+ | Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.16.1i2tch. | ||
+ | Preparing to unpack .../ | ||
+ | Done. | ||
+ | Unpacking linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | ||
+ | Setting up linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | ||
+ | Examining / | ||
+ | Setting up linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | ||
+ | Running depmod. | ||
+ | Examining / | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
+ | update-initramfs: | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
+ | Generating grub configuration file ... | ||
+ | Found background image: / | ||
+ | Found linux image: / | ||
+ | Found initrd image: / | ||
+ | Found linux image: / | ||
+ | Found initrd image: / | ||
+ | done | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Constatez la création d'un nouveau grub.cfg : |
- | Section " | + | |
- | RgbPath | + | |
- | FontPath | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# grep 3.16.1 / | ||
+ | echo ' | ||
+ | linux / | ||
+ | initrd / | ||
+ | menuentry ' | ||
+ | echo ' | ||
+ | linux / | ||
+ | initrd / | ||
+ | menuentry ' | ||
+ | echo ' | ||
+ | linux / | ||
+ | initrd / | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ^ Directive | + | ====Désinstaller |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | Voici le fichier | + | Re-démarrez votre VM en utilisant |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent |
- | ! $Xorg: rgb.txt,v 1.3 2000/08/17 19:54:00 cpqbld Exp $ | + | permitted by applicable law. |
- | 255 250 250 snow | + | You have new mail. |
- | 248 248 255 ghost white | + | Last login: Sat Aug 13 12:36:26 2016 from 10.0.2.2 |
- | 248 248 255 GhostWhite | + | trainee@debian8:~$ su - |
- | 245 245 245 white smoke | + | Password: |
- | 245 245 245 WhiteSmoke | + | root@debian8: |
- | 220 220 220 gainsboro | + | |
- | 255 250 240 floral white | + | |
- | 255 250 240 FloralWhite | + | |
- | 253 245 230 old lace | + | |
- | 253 245 230 OldLace | + | |
- | 250 240 230 linen | + | |
- | 250 235 215 antique white | + | |
- | 250 235 215 AntiqueWhite | + | |
- | 255 239 213 papaya whip | + | |
- | 255 239 213 PapayaWhip | + | |
- | 255 235 205 blanched almond | + | |
- | 255 235 205 BlanchedAlmond | + | |
- | 255 228 196 bisque | + | |
- | 255 218 185 peach puff | + | |
- | 255 218 185 PeachPuff | + | |
- | 255 222 173 navajo white | + | |
- | 255 222 173 NavajoWhite | + | |
- | 255 228 181 moccasin | + | |
- | 255 248 220 cornsilk | + | |
- | 255 255 240 ivory | + | |
- | 255 250 205 lemon chiffon | + | |
- | 255 250 205 LemonChiffon | + | |
- | 255 245 238 seashell | + | |
- | 240 255 240 honeydew | + | |
- | 245 255 250 mint cream | + | |
- | --More--(4%) | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | ===La Section Modules=== | + | Lister maintenant les noyaux installés : |
- | Par défaut le serveur X charge ses modules à partir du répertoire **/usr/ | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64 | ||
+ | linux-image-3.16.1i2tch | ||
+ | linux-image-amd64 | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le noyau se désinstalle comme tout autre paquet | ||
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | drivers | + | Reading package lists... Done |
- | extensions | + | Building dependency tree |
+ | Reading state information... Done | ||
+ | The following packages will be REMOVED: | ||
+ | linux-image-3.16.1i2tch* | ||
+ | 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 1 not upgraded. | ||
+ | After this operation, 9,251 kB disk space will be freed. | ||
+ | Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y | ||
+ | (Reading database ... 147056 files and directories currently installed.) | ||
+ | Removing linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | ||
+ | Examining / | ||
+ | Examining / | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
+ | update-initramfs: | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
+ | Generating grub configuration file ... | ||
+ | Found background image: | ||
+ | Found linux image: / | ||
+ | Found initrd image: / | ||
+ | done | ||
+ | Purging configuration files for linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | ||
+ | Examining / | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
+ | run-parts: executing / | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | Vérifiez que le fichier grub.cfg a été modifié : |
- | **Important** : Le chemin par défaut de l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# grep 3.16.1 / | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | <file> | + | Dernièrement, |
- | Section | + | |
- | Load " | + | <code> |
- | EndSection | + | root@debian8: |
- | </file> | + | linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64 |
+ | linux-image-amd64 | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Gestion des Quotas===== | ||
<WRAP center round important> | <WRAP center round important> | ||
- | **Attention** : Dans l' | + | **Important** : Déconnectez-vous et re-connectez-vous directement en tant que root. |
</ | </ | ||
- | ===La Section InputDevice=== | + | Sous Linux il est possible de mettre en place des quotas par utilisateur et par groupe. Ceci étant, Linux ne sait pas gérer des quotas par répertoire, |
+ | quotas par partition. L' | ||
- | Cette section décrit un périphérique en entrée. Il n'ya normalement qu'une section pour le clavier, les souris étant généralement détectées automatiquement. Vous pouvez cependant configurer une section | + | Commencez par vérifiez que le paquet |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# dpkg --get-selections | grep quota | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Reading package lists... Done | ||
+ | Building dependency tree | ||
+ | Reading state information... Done | ||
+ | Suggested packages: | ||
+ | libnet-ldap-perl | ||
+ | The following NEW packages will be installed: | ||
+ | quota | ||
+ | 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. | ||
+ | Need to get 319 kB of archives. | ||
+ | After this operation, 1,580 kB of additional disk space will be used. | ||
+ | Get:1 http:// | ||
+ | Fetched 319 kB in 0s (1,884 kB/s) | ||
+ | Preconfiguring packages ... | ||
+ | Selecting previously unselected package quota. | ||
+ | (Reading database ... 146985 files and directories currently installed.) | ||
+ | Preparing to unpack .../ | ||
+ | Unpacking quota (4.01-8+deb8u1) ... | ||
+ | Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ... | ||
+ | Processing triggers for systemd (215-17+deb8u4) ... | ||
+ | Setting up quota (4.01-8+deb8u1) ... | ||
+ | Processing triggers for systemd (215-17+deb8u4) ... | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Editez le fichier **/etc/fstab** en ajoutant les options **usrquota** et **grpquota** à la ligne **/home** : |
- | Section " | + | |
- | Identifier | + | |
- | Driver | + | |
- | Option | + | |
- | Option | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </file> | + | |
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# vi / | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab: static file system information. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Use ' | ||
+ | # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices | ||
+ | # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # <file system> <mount point> | ||
+ | # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation | ||
+ | UUID=4a230056-285f-42f4-bfe0-5a73dbc5b745 / | ||
+ | # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation | ||
+ | UUID=da5a77e9-344d-42aa-aed6-a38d381ba436 none swap sw 0 0 | ||
+ | UUID=6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ^ Directive | + | Démontez puis remontez /home : |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | Quand la section décrit une souris, on trouve typiquement les options suivantes | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# umount /home | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ^ Option | + | Vérifiez ensuite que les options soient prises en compte : |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | ===La Section Monitor=== | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 | ||
+ | sysfs /sys sysfs rw, | ||
+ | proc /proc proc rw, | ||
+ | udev /dev devtmpfs rw, | ||
+ | devpts /dev/pts devpts rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs /run tmpfs rw, | ||
+ | /dev/sda1 / ext4 rw, | ||
+ | securityfs / | ||
+ | tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw, | ||
+ | tmpfs / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | pstore / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | cgroup / | ||
+ | systemd-1 / | ||
+ | hugetlbfs / | ||
+ | debugfs / | ||
+ | mqueue /dev/mqueue mqueue rw,relatime 0 0 | ||
+ | fusectl / | ||
+ | rpc_pipefs / | ||
+ | tmpfs /run/user/0 tmpfs rw, | ||
+ | /dev/sdb1 /home ext4 rw, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Cette section décrit l' | + | ====La Commande quotacheck==== |
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | Pour activer les quotas sur /home, il convient d' |
- | **Attention** : Il est important de se munir avec la documentation du moniteur afin de connaître **la taille de l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# quotacheck -cugvm -f /dev/sdb1 | ||
+ | quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown. | ||
+ | quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb1 [/home] done | ||
+ | quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file / | ||
+ | quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file / | ||
+ | quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file / | ||
+ | quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file / | ||
+ | quotacheck: Checked 6754 directories and 64246 files | ||
+ | quotacheck: Old file not found. | ||
+ | quotacheck: Old file not found. | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Les options de la commande quotacheck sont : |
- | Section " | + | |
- | Identifier | + | |
- | VendorName | + | |
- | ModelName | + | |
- | DisplaySize | + | |
- | HorizSync | + | |
- | VertRefresh | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | < |
+ | root@debian8:~# quotacheck --help | ||
+ | Utility for checking and repairing quota files. | ||
+ | quotacheck [-gucbfinvdmMR] [-F < | ||
- | ^ Directive | + | -u, --user |
- | | " | + | -g, --group |
- | | " | + | -c, --create-files |
- | | " | + | -b, --backup |
- | | " | + | -f, --force |
- | | " | + | -i, --interactive |
- | | " | + | -n, --use-first-dquot |
- | | " | + | -v, --verbose |
- | | " | + | -d, --debug |
+ | -m, --no-remount | ||
+ | -M, --try-remount | ||
+ | continue even if it fails | ||
+ | -R, --exclude-root | ||
+ | -F, --format=formatname | ||
+ | -a, --all check all filesystems | ||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
+ | Bugs to jack@suse.cz | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ===La Section Device=== | + | Les quotas ont été activés et les fichier **aquota.user** et **aquota.group** ont été créés dans le répertoire /home : |
- | Cette section décrit une carte vidéo. Il y a une section Device pour chaque carte vidéo présente dans la machine. | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | total 44 | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Aug 13 15:38 .. | ||
+ | -rw------- | ||
+ | -rw------- | ||
+ | drwx------ | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x 18 trainee trainee | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Un exemple | + | Créez maintenant un utilisateur **fenestros** avec le mot de passe **fenestros** |
- | <file> | + | <code> |
- | Section " | + | root@debian8: |
- | Identifier | + | root@debian8: |
- | Driver | + | Enter new UNIX password: |
- | VendorName | + | Retype new UNIX password: |
- | BoardName | + | passwd: password updated successfully |
- | VideoRam | + | </code> |
- | Option | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
- | </file> | + | |
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | ====La Commande edquota==== |
- | ^ Directive | + | Mettez en place maintenant |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | | " | + | |
- | ===La Section Screen=== | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Cette section associe une carte vidéo décrite par une section | + | L' |
- | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
+ | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): | ||
+ | Filesystem | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modifiez ce fichier ainsi : | ||
< | < | ||
- | Section " | + | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): |
- | Identifier " | + | |
- | Device | + | / |
- | Monitor | + | |
- | DefaultDepth | + | |
- | SubSection " | + | |
- | Depth | + | |
- | Modes | + | |
- | EndSubSection | + | |
- | SubSection " | + | |
- | Depth | + | |
- | Modes | + | |
- | EndSubSection | + | |
- | EndSection | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section | + | Les options de la commande **edquota** |
- | ^ Directive | + | < |
- | | " | + | root@debian8: |
- | | " | + | edquota: Usage: |
- | | " | + | edquota [-rm] [-u] [-F formatname] [-p username] [-f filesystem] username ... |
- | | " | + | edquota [-rm] -g [-F formatname] [-p groupname] [-f filesystem] groupname |
- | | " | + | edquota [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -t |
- | | " | + | edquota [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -T username|groupname ... |
- | ====La Commande xwininfo==== | + | -u, --user |
+ | -g, --group | ||
+ | -r, --remote | ||
+ | -m, --no-mixed-pathnames | ||
+ | -F, --format=formatname | ||
+ | -p, --prototype=name copy data from a prototype user/ | ||
+ | --always-resolve | ||
+ | composed only of digits | ||
+ | -f, --filesystem=filesystem | ||
+ | -t, --edit-period | ||
+ | -T, --edit-times | ||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
- | La commande xwininfo permet d' | + | Bugs to: jack@suse.cz |
+ | </ | ||
- | <code> | + | <WRAP center round important> |
- | root@debian8: | + | **Important** - Pour mettre en place un quota par group, la procédure est similaire. Il suffit d' |
- | No protocol specified | + | </ |
- | xwininfo: error: unable to open display ": | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | logout | + | |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | xwininfo: Please select the window about which you | + | ====La Commande quotaon==== |
- | would like information by clicking the | + | |
- | mouse in that window. | + | |
- | xwininfo: Window id: 0x2e0004a " | + | Appliquez maintenant les quotas |
- | Absolute upper-left X: 0 | + | < |
- | | + | root@debian8:~# quotaon |
- | Relative upper-left X: 0 | + | |
- | Relative upper-left Y: 0 | + | |
- | Width: 1366 | + | |
- | Height: 642 | + | |
- | Depth: 32 | + | |
- | Visual: 0x44 | + | |
- | Visual Class: TrueColor | + | |
- | Border width: 0 | + | |
- | Class: InputOutput | + | |
- | Colormap: 0x2e00049 (not installed) | + | |
- | Bit Gravity State: NorthWestGravity | + | |
- | Window Gravity State: NorthWestGravity | + | |
- | Backing Store State: NotUseful | + | |
- | Save Under State: no | + | |
- | Map State: IsViewable | + | |
- | Override Redirect State: no | + | |
- | Corners: | + | |
- | | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Les options de la commande | + | Les options de la commande |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | usage: | + | quotaon: Usage: |
+ | quotaon | ||
+ | quotaon [-guvp] [-F quotaformat] [-x state] filesys | ||
- | where options include: | + | -a, --all turn quotas on for all filesystems |
- | | + | -f, --off turn quotas off |
- | | + | -u, --user |
- | | + | -g, --group |
- | -id windowid | + | -p, --print-state |
- | | + | -x, --xfs-command=cmd |
- | | + | -F, --format=formatname |
- | -children | + | -v, --verbose |
- | | + | -h, --help |
- | | + | -V, --version |
- | -bits print window pixel information | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -size | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -frame | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -metric | + | |
- | -all -tree, -stats, | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | ====La Commande xdpyinfo==== | + | De cette manière vous avez mis en place un quota **souple** pour fenestros de 8 000 Ko et un quota **stricte** de 10 000 Ko. |
- | Xdpyinfo est un utilitaire utilisé pour afficher des informations concernant | + | Quand l' |
- | < | + | Il est à noter que vous pouvez soit mettre en place un quota en taille, soit mettre en place un quota basé sur le nombre d' |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | name of display: | + | |
- | version number: | + | |
- | vendor string: | + | |
- | vendor release number: | + | |
- | X.Org version: 1.16.4 | + | |
- | maximum request size: 16777212 bytes | + | |
- | motion buffer size: 256 | + | |
- | bitmap unit, bit order, padding: | + | |
- | image byte order: | + | |
- | number of supported pixmap formats: | + | |
- | supported pixmap formats: | + | |
- | depth 1, bits_per_pixel 1, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | depth 4, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | depth 8, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | depth 15, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | depth 16, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | depth 24, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | depth 32, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
- | keycode range: | + | |
- | focus: | + | |
- | number of extensions: | + | |
- | BIG-REQUESTS | + | |
- | Composite | + | |
- | DAMAGE | + | |
- | DOUBLE-BUFFER | + | |
- | DPMS | + | |
- | DRI2 | + | |
- | DRI3 | + | |
- | GLX | + | |
- | Generic Event Extension | + | |
- | MIT-SCREEN-SAVER | + | |
- | MIT-SHM | + | |
- | Present | + | |
- | RANDR | + | |
- | RECORD | + | |
- | RENDER | + | |
- | SECURITY | + | |
- | SGI-GLX | + | |
- | SHAPE | + | |
- | SYNC | + | |
- | X-Resource | + | |
- | XC-MISC | + | |
- | XFIXES | + | |
- | XFree86-DGA | + | |
- | XFree86-VidModeExtension | + | |
- | XINERAMA | + | |
- | XInputExtension | + | |
- | XKEYBOARD | + | |
- | XTEST | + | |
- | XVideo | + | |
- | default screen number: | + | |
- | number of screens: | + | |
- | screen #0: | + | <WRAP center round important> |
- | | + | **Important** - La commande pour désactivez les quotas est **quotaoff**. |
- | | + | </ |
- | | + | |
- | root window id: 0x170 | + | ====La Commande repquota==== |
- | depth of root window: | + | |
- | | + | Pour visualiser les quotas utilisez la commande **repquota** |
- | | + | |
- | | + | < |
- | | + | root@debian8:~# repquota /home |
- | | + | *** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb1 |
- | | + | Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days |
- | current input event mask: | + | Block limits |
- | | + | User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace |
- | | + | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
- | SubstructureNotifyMask | + | root -- 20 |
- | PropertyChangeMask | + | trainee |
- | number of visuals: | + | |
- | default visual id: 0x21 | + | |
- | visual: | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | red, green, blue masks: | + | |
- | significant bits in color specification: | + | |
- | visual: | + | |
- | visual id: 0xf9 | + | |
- | class: | + | |
- | depth: | + | |
- | available colormap entries: | + | |
- | red, green, blue masks: | + | |
- | significant bits in color specification: | + | |
- | visual: | + | |
- | visual id: 0xfa | + | |
- | class: | + | |
- | depth: | + | |
- | available colormap entries: | + | |
- | red, green, blue masks: | + | |
- | significant bits in color specification: | + | |
- | visual: | + | |
- | visual id: 0xfb | + | |
- | class: | + | |
- | depth: | + | |
- | available colormap entries: | + | |
- | red, green, blue masks: | + | |
- | significant bits in color specification: | + | |
- | ... | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Les options de la commande | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Important** - Notez que l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande | ||
< | < | ||
- | trainee@debian8:~$ xdpyinfo | + | root@debian8:~# repquota |
- | usage: | + | repquota: Utility for reporting quotas. |
- | -display | + | Usage: |
- | -version print program version and exit | + | repquota |
- | -queryExtensions print info returned by XQueryExtension | + | |
- | -ext all print detailed info for all supported extensions | + | -v, --verbose |
- | -ext extension-name print detailed info for extension-name if one of: | + | -u, --user |
- | MIT-SHM XKEYBOARD Multi-Buffering SHAPE SYNC XFree86-DGA | + | -g, --group |
- | XFree86-VidModeExtension XTEST DOUBLE-BUFFER RECORD XInputExtension | + | -s, --human-readable |
- | RENDER Composite XINERAMA | + | -t, --truncate-names |
+ | -p, --raw-grace | ||
+ | -n, --no-names | ||
+ | -i, --no-autofs | ||
+ | -c, --batch-translation | ||
+ | -C, --no-batch-translation | ||
+ | -F, --format=formatname | ||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bugs to jack@suse.cz | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | =====L' | + | ====La Commande quota==== |
- | L'Accès Universel ou // | + | Pour visualiser les quotas d'un utilisateur spécifique, |
- | ====Le Clavier et la Souris==== | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): none | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | fenestros@debian8: | ||
+ | fenestros@debian8: | ||
+ | logout | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): | ||
+ | | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Historiquement, | + | Les options de la commande |
- | ^ Paramètre ^ Description ^ | + | <code> |
- | | Sticky Keys | Permet de maintenir les touches | + | root@debian8: |
- | | Mouse Keys | Permet d' | + | quota: Usage: quota [-guqvswim] [-l | [-Q | -A]] [-F quotaformat] |
- | | Bounce Keys | Permet de réduire l' | + | quota [-qvswim] [-l | [-Q | -A]] [-F quotaformat] -u username ... |
- | | Slow Keys | Necéssite qu'une touche soit enfoncée pour une durée plus longue avant que le système réagisse | | + | quota [-qvswim] [-l | [-Q | -A]] [-F quotaformat] -g groupname ... |
+ | quota [-qvswugQm] [-F quotaformat] -f filesystem ... | ||
- | ====Claviers Visuels==== | + | -u, --user |
+ | -g, --group | ||
+ | -q, --quiet | ||
+ | -v, --verbose | ||
+ | -s, --human-readable | ||
+ | --always-resolve | ||
+ | composed of only digits | ||
+ | -w, --no-wrap | ||
+ | -p, --raw-grace | ||
+ | -l, --local-only | ||
+ | -Q, --quiet-refuse | ||
+ | not respond | ||
+ | -i, --no-autofs | ||
+ | -F, --format=formatname | ||
+ | -f, --filesystem-list | ||
+ | -A, --nfs-all | ||
+ | -m, --no-mixed-pathnames | ||
+ | --show-mntpoint | ||
+ | --hide-device | ||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
- | Un clavier visuel ou //Onscreen Keyboard// est un clavier qui est afficher à l' | + | Bugs to: jack@suse.cz |
+ | </code> | ||
- | Un exemple connu du clavier visuel est **[[http:// | + | ====La Commande warnquota==== |
- | ====L'Ecran==== | + | La commande **warnquota** vérifie le ou les disques et envoie un message par mail à tout utilisateur qui a dépassé la limite soft. Elle est enrègle générale appelée par un job cron. Cependant elle peut aussi est appelée d'une manière intéractive. |
- | En ce qui concerne | + | Les options de la commande **warnquota** |
- | Il existe aussi des loupes telles **Kmag**. | + | < |
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | warnquota: Usage: | ||
+ | warnquota [-ugsid] [-F quotaformat] [-c configfile] [-q quotatabfile] [-a adminsfile] [filesystem...] | ||
- | ====Autres Technologies==== | + | -u, --user |
+ | -g, --group | ||
+ | -s, --human-readable | ||
+ | -i, --no-autofs | ||
+ | -d, --no-details | ||
+ | -F, --format=formatname | ||
+ | -c, --config=config-file | ||
+ | -q, --quota-tab=quotatab-file | ||
+ | -a, --admins-file=admins-file | ||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -v, --version | ||
- | Il existe aussi des logiciels de synthèse vocal tels **[[http:// | + | Bugs to jack@suse.cz |
+ | </code> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | ----- | ||