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| Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| elearning:workbooks:centos:8:avance:l105 [2021/08/23 10:40] – admin | elearning:workbooks:centos:8:avance:l105 [2022/02/22 15:15] (Version actuelle) – created admin | ||
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| Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
| ~~PDF: | ~~PDF: | ||
| + | |||
| + | Version : **2022.01** | ||
| Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
| - | ======LCF302 | + | ======LCF605 |
| =====Contenu du Module===== | =====Contenu du Module===== | ||
| - | * **LCF302 | + | * **LCF605 |
| * Contenu du Module | * Contenu du Module | ||
| - | * Concepts RAID | + | * LAB #1 - Installation d'une Machine Virtuelle CentOS 8 |
| - | * Disques en miroir | + | * 1.1 - Identification du Short ID |
| - | * Bandes de données | + | * 1.2 - Configuration du Stockage des ISOs |
| - | * Types de RAID | + | * 1.3 - Installation du Domaine |
| - | * RAID 0 - Concaténation | + | * Format des Images |
| - | * RAID 0 - Striping | + | * Convertir le Format de l'Image |
| - | * RAID 1 - Miroir | + | * 1.4 - Configuration de l' |
| - | * RAID 1+0 - Striping en Miroir | + | * Language Settings |
| - | * RAID 2 - Miroir avec Contrôle d'Erreurs | + | * Network configuration |
| - | * RAID 3 et 4 - Striping avec Parité | + | * Time settings |
| - | * RAID 5 - Striping avec Parité Distribuée | + | * Root password |
| - | * Au délà de RAID 5 | + | * Installation source |
| - | * RAID Logiciel sous RHEL/CentOS | + | * Software selection |
| - | * Préparation du disque | + | * Installation Destination |
| - | * Partitionnement | + | * Démarrer l' |
| - | * Mise en Place du RAID 5 Logiciel | + | * Démarrer la VM |
| + | * 1.5 - Vérification de la VM Invitée | ||
| + | * Réseau | ||
| + | * Internet | ||
| - | =====Concepts RAID===== | + | =====LAB #1 - Installation d'une Machine Virtuelle CentOS 8===== |
| - | Les solutions RAID ou //Redundant Array of Independent Disks// ou encore //Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks// permettent la combinaison de plusieurs disques de façon à ce que ceux-ci soient vu comme un seul disque logique. | + | ====1.1 - Identification du Short ID==== |
| - | Les solutions RAID sont issues du travail fourni par l' | + | KVM sait virtualiser |
| - | | + | < |
| - | * Amélioration des performances, | + | [root@centos8 ~]# osinfo-query os | more |
| - | * Apporter la tolérance de panne. | + | Short ID | Name | Version |
| + | ----------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------------------------- | ||
| + | | ||
| + | alpinelinux3.11 | ||
| + | alpinelinux3.12 | Alpine Linux 3.12 | 3.12 | http:// | ||
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| + | --More-- | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Deux concepts sont fondamentaux à la compréhension | + | La liste des versions de Red Hat peut être consultée en recherchant la chaîne **Red Hat** dans la sortie de la commande précédente : |
| - | ====Disques en miroir==== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# osinfo-query os | grep "Red Hat" | ||
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| + | </ | ||
| - | La technique des disques en miroir consiste à dupliquer l'écriture des données sur plusieurs disques. Le miroir peut être géré par un logiciel ou par du matériel. | + | Afin d'installer une machine virtuelle nous avons besoin d' |
| - | ====Bandes | + | * Colonne 2, |
| + | * **Name**, | ||
| + | * Le nom officiel du système d' | ||
| + | * Colonne 3, | ||
| + | * **Version**, | ||
| + | * La version du système d' | ||
| + | * Colonne 4, | ||
| + | * **ID**, | ||
| + | * Un URL censé pointer vers la page officielle | ||
| + | |||
| + | Pour rechercher le Short ID de CentOS 8, recherchez **centos** dans la sortie de la commande **osinfo-query os** : | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# osinfo-query os | grep centos | ||
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| + | </ | ||
| - | La technique des bandes | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
| + | **Important** : Notez que le Short ID de CentOS 8 est actuellement **centos8** quelque soit la version. | ||
| + | </WRAP> | ||
| - | =====Types de RAID===== | + | ====1.2 - Configuration du Stockage des ISOs==== |
| - | ====RAID 0 - Concaténation==== | + | Afin d' |
| - | Création de volume par récupération de l' | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l | grep CentOS | ||
| + | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 625999872 Sep 3 04:44 CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-boot.iso | ||
| - | {{: | + | [root@centos8 ~]# chmod 755 CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-boot.iso |
| - | ===Avantages=== | + | [root@centos8 ~]# mkdir /isos |
| - | * Récupération de l' | + | [root@centos8 ~]# mv CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-boot.iso /isos |
| - | ===Inconvénients=== | + | [root@centos8 ~]# chown -R qemu:qemu /isos |
| + | </ | ||
| - | * Pas de protection des données, | + | ====1.3 - Installation du Domain==== |
| - | * Pas d' | + | |
| - | ====RAID 0 - Striping==== | + | Démarrez maintenant l' |
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# virt-install --network bridge: | ||
| - | Création de volume sur plusieurs disques afin d' | + | Starting install... |
| + | Retrieving file vmlinuz... | ||
| + | Retrieving file initrd.img... | ||
| + | Allocating | ||
| + | WARNING | ||
| + | Connected to domain testvm1 | ||
| + | Escape character is ^] | ||
| + | [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.18.0-147.el8.x86_64 | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | {{:linux: | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
| + | **Important** | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ===Avantages=== | + | Dans cette commande on peut constater l' |
| - | | + | ^ Option ^ Commentaire ^ |
| + | | --network bridge: | Fixe la valeur du pont à utiliser par la VM à virbr0 | | ||
| + | | --name | ||
| + | | --os-variant= | Egal à la valeur du Short ID identifié au-dessus | ||
| + | | --ram= | Fixe la quantité de la RAM de la VM en Mo | | ||
| + | | --vcpus= | Fixe le nombre de vCPUs de la VM | | ||
| + | | --disk path= | Crée une image pour la VM, au format indiqué et de la taille indiquée en Go, à l' | ||
| + | | --graphics | La valeur | ||
| + | | --location= | Indique l' | ||
| + | | --extra-args= | Indique les options de la connectivité de la console | | ||
| - | ===Inconvénients=== | + | ===Format des Images=== |
| - | * Pas de protection des données. | + | Une image est un disque virtuel. KVM reconnait les formats d' |
| - | ====RAID 1 - Miroir==== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# qemu-img -h | grep Supported | ||
| + | Supported formats: blkdebug blklogwrites blkreplay blkverify copy-on-read file ftp ftps gluster host_cdrom host_device http https iscsi iser luks nbd null-aio null-co nvme qcow2 quorum raw rbd ssh throttle vhdx vmdk vpc | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Création d'un volume où les disques sont en miroir. Quand les deux disques sont connectés à des contrôleurs de disques différents, | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
| + | **Important** : Consultez **[[https:// | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | {{: | + | ===Convertir le Format de l' |
| - | ===Avantages=== | + | Il est possible de convertir un format d' |
| - | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque. | + | < |
| + | # qemu-img convert -f vmdk -O qcow2 myimage.vmdk mynewimage.qcow2 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ===Inconvénients=== | + | Dans le cas d'une image au format **vdi** d' |
| - | * Coûteux à cause de l' | + | < |
| + | # VBoxManage clonehd myimage.vdi myrawimage.img --format raw | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ====RAID 1+0 - Striping | + | Ensuite il convient d' |
| - | Le RAID 1+0 ou encore 0+1 est une technique qui réunit le RAID 0 et le RAID 1. On l' | + | < |
| + | # qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 myrawimage.img mynewimage.qcow2 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | {{: | + | ====1.4 - Configuration de l' |
| - | ===Avantages=== | + | ===Language Settings=== |
| - | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque. | + | Commencez |
| - | * Augmentation des performances d' | + | |
| - | ===Inconvénients=== | + | < |
| + | ... | ||
| + | Starting installer, one moment... | ||
| + | anaconda 29.19.1.13-1.el8 for CentOS Linux 8 started. | ||
| + | * installation log files are stored in /tmp during the installation | ||
| + | * shell is available on TTY2 | ||
| + | * if the graphical installation interface fails to start, try again with the | ||
| + | | ||
| + | * when reporting a bug add logs from /tmp as separate text/plain attachments | ||
| + | 14:08:33 Not asking for VNC because we don't have a network | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| - | * Coûteux à cause de l' | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [!] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [!] Network configuration | ||
| + | (Not connected) | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | ====RAID 2 - Miroir avec Contrôle d' | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| + | ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| - | Le RAID 2 est une technique de miroir avec contrôle de correction d' | + | 3) Arabic |
| + | 4) Assamese | ||
| + | 5) Asturian | ||
| + | 6) Belarusian | ||
| + | 7) Bulgarian | ||
| + | 8) Bangla | ||
| + | 9) Tibetan | ||
| + | 10) Bosnian | ||
| + | 11) Catalan | ||
| + | 12) Czech 38) Georgian | ||
| + | 13) Welsh 39) Kazakh | ||
| + | 14) Danish | ||
| + | 15) German | ||
| + | 16) Greek 42) Korean | ||
| + | 17) English | ||
| + | 18) Spanish | ||
| + | 19) Estonian | ||
| + | 20) Basque | ||
| + | 21) Persian | ||
| + | 22) Finnish | ||
| + | 23) Filipino | ||
| + | 24) French | ||
| + | 25) Friulian | ||
| - | ====RAID 3 et 4 - Striping avec Parité==== | + | Press ENTER to continue: |
| + | 26) Irish 52) Low German | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Les RAID 3 et 4 sont des technologies avec bandes de parité distribuées sur un seul disque | + | Choisissez l' |
| - | {{:linux: | + | < |
| + | Please select language support to install [' | ||
| + | to continue, ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Language settings | ||
| - | En RAID 3, la taille des segments n’est pas modifiable et est fixée à 512 octets | + | Available locales |
| + | 1) French | ||
| + | 2) French (Canada) | ||
| - | En RAID 4, la taille des segments est variable et se modifie en temps réel. Cela implique que les informations de parité doivent être mise à jour à chaque écriture afin de vérifier si la taille des segments a été modifiée. | + | Please select language support to install [' |
| + | to continue, ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| - | ===Avantages=== | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [!] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [!] Network configuration | ||
| + | (Not connected) | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque. | + | Please make a selection from the above ['b' to begin installation, |
| + | ' | ||
| + | [anaconda]1: | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ===Inconvénients=== | + | ===Network configuration=== |
| - | * Création d'un goulot d' | + | Choisissez maintenant |
| - | ====RAID 5 - Striping avec Parité Distribuée==== | + | < |
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| - | Le RAID 5 est une technologie avec bandes de parité distribuées sur plusieurs disques : | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [!] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [!] Network configuration | ||
| + | (Not connected) | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | {{:linux: | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| + | ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Network configuration | ||
| - | ===Avantages=== | + | Wired (enp1s0) disconnected |
| - | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque, | + | Host Name: localhost.localdomain |
| - | * Evite le goulot d' | + | |
| - | ===Inconvénients=== | + | Current host name: localhost |
| - | * Lecture moins performante qu' | + | 1) Set host name |
| + | 2) Configure device enp1s0 | ||
| + | < | ||
| - | ====Au délà | + | Choisissez ensuite l' |
| - | Il existe aussi deux autres technologies RAID, toute deux issues de la technologie RAID 5 : | + | < |
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | refresh]: 1 | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Enter a new value for 'Host Name' and press ENTER: testvm1.ittraining.network | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Network configuration | ||
| - | * RAID 6 | + | Wired (enp1s0) disconnected |
| - | * //Disk Striping with Double Distributed Parity// | + | |
| - | * RAID TP | + | |
| - | * //Disk Striping with Triple Distributed Parity// | + | |
| - | =====RAID Logiciel sous RHEL/ | + | Host Name: testvm1.ittraining.network |
| - | ====Préparation du disque==== | + | Current host name: localhost |
| - | ===Partitionnement=== | + | 1) Set host name |
| + | 2) Configure device enp1s0 | ||
| + | < | ||
| - | Suite à votre LAB de la leçon | + | Choisissez l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| + | refresh]: 2 | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Device configuration | ||
| - | Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors | + | 1) IPv4 address or " |
| - | Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
| - | Sector size (logical/ | + | 2) IPv4 netmask |
| - | I/O size (minimum/ | + | 3) IPv4 gateway |
| - | Disk label type: dos | + | 4) IPv6 address[/prefix] or " |
| - | Disk identifier: 0x000c5a90 | + | turn off |
| + | auto | ||
| + | 5) IPv6 default gateway | ||
| + | 6) Nameservers | ||
| + | 7) [ ] Connect automatically after reboot | ||
| + | 8) [ ] Apply configuration in installer | ||
| - | | + | Configuring device enp1s0. |
| - | / | + | < |
| - | / | + | |
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| - | / | + | |
| - | / | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | ====Mise | + | Laissez l’option **1** en **dhcp** puis choisissez l' |
| - | Dans le cas de cet exemple les quatre partitions concernées par la mise en place d'un RAID 5 sont : | + | < |
| + | Please make a selection from the above ['c' to continue, ' | ||
| + | refresh]: 6 | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Enter a new value for ' | ||
| + | .8.4.4 | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Device configuration | ||
| - | < | + | 1) IPv4 address or " |
| - | / | + | dhcp |
| - | /dev/ | + | 2) IPv4 netmask |
| - | / | + | 3) IPv4 gateway |
| - | / | + | 4) IPv6 address[/prefix] or " |
| - | </ | + | |
| + | auto | ||
| + | 5) IPv6 default gateway | ||
| + | 6) Nameservers (comma separated) | ||
| + | 8.8.8.8, | ||
| + | 7) [ ] Connect automatically after reboot | ||
| + | 8) [ ] Apply configuration in installer | ||
| - | La création d'une unité RAID avec la commande | + | Configuring device enp1s0. |
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Il est important de configurer | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | mdadm --create <unité RAID> | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| + | refresh]: 7 | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Device configuration | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) IPv4 address or " | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 2) IPv4 netmask | ||
| + | 3) IPv4 gateway | ||
| + | 4) IPv6 address[/ | ||
| + | turn off | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) IPv6 default gateway | ||
| + | 6) Nameservers (comma separated) | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 7) [x] Connect automatically after reboot | ||
| + | 8) [ ] Apply configuration in installer | ||
| + | |||
| + | Configuring device enp1s0. | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Par exemple, saisissez | + | Pour pouvoir installer les paquets logiciels, la configuration réseau doit être appliquée immédiatement. Choisissez donc l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda8 /dev/sda11 | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata | + | refresh]: 8 |
| - | mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | </ | + | ================================================================================ |
| + | Device configuration | ||
| - | Les options dans la ligne de commande sont : | + | 1) IPv4 address or " |
| + | | ||
| + | 2) IPv4 netmask | ||
| + | 3) IPv4 gateway | ||
| + | 4) IPv6 address[/ | ||
| + | turn off | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) IPv6 default gateway | ||
| + | 6) Nameservers (comma separated) | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 7) [x] Connect automatically after reboot | ||
| + | 8) [x] Apply configuration in installer | ||
| - | ^ Option Courte ^ Option Longue ^ Description ^ | + | Configuring device enp1s0. |
| - | | -l | - -level | Le niveau RAID - **linear, 0,1,2,4 ou 5** | | + | </code> |
| - | | -n | - -raid-devices=<nombre> | Le nombre de périphériques actifs dans le RAID | | + | |
| - | Les autres options de la commande | + | Validez les configurations actuelles en appuyant sur la touche |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --help-options | + | Please make a selection from the above ['c' |
| - | Any parameter that does not start with '-' | + | refresh]: c |
| - | or, for --examine-bitmap, a file name. | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | The first such name is often the name of an md device. | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | names are often names of component devices. | + | Network configuration |
| + | |||
| + | Wired (enp1s0) disconnected | ||
| + | |||
| + | Host Name: testvm1.ittraining.network | ||
| - | Some common options are: | + | Current host name: localhost |
| - | --help | + | |
| - | mode specific help message | + | |
| - | --help-options | + | |
| - | --version | + | |
| - | --verbose | + | |
| - | --quiet | + | |
| - | --brief | + | |
| - | --export | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | --force | + | |
| - | --assemble | + | 1) Set host name |
| - | | + | 2) Configure |
| - | --create | + | |
| - | --detail | + | |
| - | --examine | + | |
| - | --examine-bitmap -X: Display the detail of a bitmap file | + | |
| - | --examine-badblocks: | + | |
| - | --monitor | + | |
| - | --grow | + | |
| - | --incremental -I : add/remove a single | + | |
| - | --query | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | --auto-detect | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Les //modes majeurs// de la commande | + | Pour retourner au menu principal, appuyez sur la touche |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --help | + | Please |
| - | mdadm is used for building, managing, and monitoring | + | refresh]: c |
| - | Linux md devices (aka RAID arrays) | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | Usage: mdadm --create device options... | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | Create a new array from unused devices. | + | Installation |
| - | mdadm --assemble device options... | + | |
| - | Assemble a previously created array. | + | |
| - | mdadm --build device options... | + | |
| - | Create or assemble an array without metadata. | + | |
| - | mdadm --manage device options... | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | mdadm --misc options... devices | + | |
| - | report on or modify various md related devices. | + | |
| - | mdadm --grow options device | + | |
| - | resize/ | + | |
| - | mdadm --incremental device | + | |
| - | add/ | + | |
| - | mdadm --monitor options... | + | |
| - | Monitor one or more array for significant changes. | + | |
| - | mdadm device options... | + | |
| - | Shorthand for --manage. | + | |
| - | Any parameter that does not start with '-' | + | |
| - | or, for --examine-bitmap, a file name. | + | |
| - | The first such name is often the name of an md device. | + | |
| - | names are often names of component devices. | + | |
| - | For detailed help on the above major modes use --help after the mode | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| - | e.g. | + | (French (France)) |
| - | mdadm --assemble --help | + | 3) [!] Installation source |
| - | For general help on options use | + | |
| - | mdadm --help-options | + | |
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| + | [anaconda]1: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Dernièrement, chaque //mode majeur// dispose | + | <WRAP center round important> |
| + | Important : **Important** - Si la configuration en DHCP n'est pas prise en compte. Refaites la configuration en IP fixe en indiquant une adresse 192.168.56.50, un masque | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | < | + | ===Time settings=== |
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --assemble --help | + | |
| - | Usage: mdadm --assemble device options... | + | |
| - | mdadm --assemble --scan options... | + | |
| - | This usage assembles one or more raid arrays from pre-existing | + | Choisissez maintenant l' |
| - | components. | + | |
| - | For each array, mdadm needs to know the md device, the identity of | + | |
| - | the array, and a number of sub devices. These can be found in a number | + | |
| - | of ways. | + | |
| - | The md device is given on the command line, is found listed in the | + | < |
| - | config file, or can be deduced from the array identity. | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | The array identity is determined either from the --uuid, --name, or | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | --super-minor commandline arguments, from the config file, | + | Installation |
| - | or from the first component device on the command line. | + | |
| - | The different combinations of these are as follows: | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| - | If the --scan option is not given, then only devices and identities | + | (French (France)) |
| - | listed on the command line are considered. | + | 3) [!] Installation source |
| - | The first device will be the array device, and the remainder will be | + | (Error setting up software |
| - | examined when looking for components. | + | source) |
| - | If an explicit identity is given with --uuid or --super-minor, | + | 5) [!] Installation Destination |
| - | only devices with a superblock which matches that identity | + | (No disks selected) |
| - | otherwise every device listed | + | 7) [x] Network configuration |
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | If the --scan option is given, and no devices are listed, then | + | Please make a selection |
| - | every array listed in the config file is considered for assembly. | + | 'r' |
| - | The identity of candidate devices are determined | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | After these arrays are assembled, mdadm will look for other devices | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | that could form further arrays and tries to assemble them. This can | + | Time settings |
| - | be disabled using the 'AUTO' | + | |
| - | If the --scan option is given as well as one or more devices, then | + | Timezone: America/ |
| - | Those devices are md devices that are to be assembled. | + | |
| - | and components are determined from the config file. | + | |
| - | If mdadm can not find all of the components for an array, it will assemble | + | NTP servers:not configured |
| - | it but not activate it unless --run or --scan is given. | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | as recorded in the superblock. | + | |
| - | the missing device is not a new problem, it will still be assembled. | + | |
| - | is only newly missing devices that cause the array not to be started. | + | |
| - | Options that are valid with --assemble (-A) are: | + | 1) Change timezone |
| - | | + | 2) Configure NTP servers |
| - | --uuid= | + | |
| - | have this uuid are excluded | + | |
| - | --super-minor= -m : minor number to look for in super-block when | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | --name= | + | |
| - | --config= | + | |
| - | --scan | + | |
| - | --run | + | |
| - | for a full array are present | + | |
| - | --force | + | |
| - | : out-of-date. | + | |
| - | --update= | + | |
| - | --no-degraded | + | |
| - | --readonly | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Constatez maintenant les informations concernant | + | Choisissez l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# cat / | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] | + | refresh]: 1 |
| - | md1 : active raid5 sda11[3] sda8[1] sda5[0] | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | + | Timezone settings | |
| - | unused devices: <none> | + | |
| + | Available regions | ||
| + | 1) Europe | ||
| + | 2) Asia 6) Pacific | ||
| + | 3) America | ||
| + | 4) Africa | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | |||
| + | Appuyez sur la touche **1** pour choisir **Europe** | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | Please select the timezone. Use numbers or type names directly [' | ||
| + | region list, ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) Amsterdam | ||
| + | 2) Andorra | ||
| + | 3) Astrakhan | ||
| + | 4) Athens | ||
| + | 5) Belgrade | ||
| + | 6) Berlin | ||
| + | 7) Bratislava | ||
| + | 8) Brussels | ||
| + | 9) Bucharest | ||
| + | 10) Budapest | ||
| + | 11) Busingen | ||
| + | 12) Chisinau | ||
| + | 13) Copenhagen | ||
| + | 14) Dublin | ||
| + | 15) Gibraltar | ||
| + | 16) Guernsey | ||
| + | 17) Helsinki | ||
| + | 18) Isle_of_Man | ||
| + | 19) Istanbul | ||
| + | 20) Jersey | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Grâce à la commande mdadm, il est possible d'obtenir d' | + | Puis choisissez l'option **35** pour Paris : |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --query /dev/md1 | + | Please select the timezone. Use numbers or type names directly |
| - | /dev/md1: 998.17MiB raid5 3 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm --detail for more detail. | + | region list, ' |
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] Language settings | ||
| + | (French (France)) | ||
| + | 3) [!] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | L' | + | ===Root password=== |
| + | |||
| + | Pour définir le mot de passe root de la VM, choisissez l' | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | /dev/md1: | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | Installation |
| - | Creation Time : Tue Aug 2 15:10:12 2016 | + | |
| - | Raid Level : raid5 | + | |
| - | Array Size : 1021952 (998.17 MiB 1046.48 MB) | + | |
| - | Used Dev Size : 510976 (499.08 MiB 523.24 MB) | + | |
| - | Raid Devices : 3 | + | |
| - | Total Devices : 3 | + | |
| - | Persistence : Superblock is persistent | + | |
| - | Update Time : Tue Aug | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| - | State : clean | + | (French (France)) |
| - | Active Devices : 3 | + | 3) [!] Installation source |
| - | Working Devices : 3 | + | (Error setting up software |
| - | Failed Devices : 0 | + | |
| - | Spare Devices : 0 | + | 5) [!] Installation Destination |
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [!] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | Chunk Size : 512K | + | ' |
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Root password | ||
| - | Name : centos7.fenestros.loc: | + | Please select new root password. You will have to type it twice. |
| - | UUID : fd8bac53: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Number | + | Password: fenestros |
| - | 0 | + | Password (confirm): fenestros |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| + | Question | ||
| + | |||
| + | The password you have provided is weak: The password fails the dictionary check | ||
| + | - it is based on a dictionary word | ||
| + | Would you like to use it anyway? | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please respond ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] Language settings | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [!] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Notez la ligne **Persistence : Superblock is persistent**. En effet, cette implémentation de RAID inscrit les caractéristiques du volume dans un //super bloc// persistant en début de chaque unité de type bloc dans le volume. | + | ===Installation source=== |
| - | <WRAP center round todo> | + | Choisissez l' |
| - | Recherchez la signification des termes Layout, Chunk size, Major et Minor. | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | Cependant, il necéssaire | + | < |
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] Language settings | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [!] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation source | ||
| + | |||
| + | Choose an installation source type. | ||
| + | 1) CD/DVD | ||
| + | 2) local ISO file | ||
| + | 3) Network | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | L'ISO utilisé est de type **net-install**. Choisissez donc l' | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# echo 'DEVICES /dev/sda5 /dev/sda8 /dev/sda11' | + | Please make a selection from the above ['c' |
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> / | + | refresh]: 3 |
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | DEVICES / | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=centos7.fenestros.loc: | + | Installation source |
| + | |||
| + | 1) Closest mirror | ||
| + | 2) http:// | ||
| + | 3) https:// | ||
| + | 4) ftp:// | ||
| + | 5) nfs | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Chaque unité peut être examinée individuellement | + | Choisissez l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --examine /dev/sda5 | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | /dev/sda5: | + | refresh]: 1 |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | Installation |
| - | Array UUID : fd8bac53: | + | |
| - | Name : centos7.fenestros.loc:1 (local to host centos7.fenestros.loc) | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| - | | + | |
| - | Raid Level : raid5 | + | 3) [x] Installation source |
| - | Raid Devices | + | |
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Software selection=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Choisissez l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] Language settings | ||
| + | (French (France)) | ||
| + | 3) [x] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Software selection | ||
| + | |||
| + | Base environment | ||
| - | Avail Dev Size : 1021952 (499.08 MiB 523.24 MB) | + | 1) [ ] Server with GUI 4) [ ] Workstation |
| - | Array Size : 1021952 (998.17 MiB 1046.48 MB) | + | 2) [ ] Server |
| - | Data Offset : 2048 sectors | + | 3) [ ] Minimal Install |
| - | Super Offset : 8 sectors | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | State : clean | + | |
| - | Device UUID : 4569e15e: | + | |
| - | Update Time : Tue Aug 2 15:10:17 2016 | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors | + | refresh]: 3 |
| - | Checksum : 4c9948d0 - correct | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | Events : 18 | + | ================================================================================ |
| + | Software selection | ||
| - | | + | Base environment |
| - | Chunk Size : 512K | + | |
| - | | + | 1) [ ] Server with GUI 4) [ ] Workstation |
| - | Array State : AAA (' | + | 2) [ ] Server |
| + | 3) [x] Minimal Install | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | A ce stade il est intéressant de noter comment réagir lors d'une défaillance d'un disque. Dans notre cas nous allons indiquer au système que la partition /dev/sda5 est devenue défaillante | + | Appuyez ensuite sur la touche **c** pour pouvoir éventuellement choisir des installations supplémentaires |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --manage --set-faulty /dev/md1 /dev/sda5 | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | mdadm: set /dev/sda5 faulty in /dev/md1 | + | refresh]: c |
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Software selection | ||
| + | |||
| + | Additional software for selected environment | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [ ] Guest Agents | ||
| + | 2) [ ] Standard | ||
| + | 3) [ ] Container Management | ||
| + | 4) [ ] .NET Core Development | ||
| + | 5) [ ] RPM Development Tools 12) [ ] Security Tools | ||
| + | 6) [ ] Development Tools 13) [ ] Smart Card Support | ||
| + | 7) [ ] Graphical Administration Tools 14) [ ] System Tools | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | L' | + | Ne choisissez rien dans la liste et appuyez simplement sur la touche **c** pour revenir au menu principal |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | /dev/md1: | + | refresh]: c |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | Raid Level : raid5 | + | Installation |
| - | Array Size : 1021952 (998.17 MiB 1046.48 MB) | + | |
| - | Used Dev Size : 510976 (499.08 MiB 523.24 MB) | + | |
| - | Raid Devices : 3 | + | |
| - | Total Devices : 3 | + | |
| - | Persistence : Superblock is persistent | + | |
| - | Update Time : Tue Aug | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| - | | + | (French (France)) |
| - | Active Devices : 2 | + | 3) [!] Installation source |
| - | Working Devices : 2 | + | |
| - | Failed Devices : 1 | + | 5) [!] Installation Destination |
| - | Spare Devices : 0 | + | (No disks selected) |
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | (Wired (enp1s0) connected) | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | Chunk Size : 512K | + | ' |
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| - | Name : centos7.fenestros.loc: | + | 1) [x] Language settings |
| - | UUID : fd8bac53: | + | (French (France)) |
| - | Events : 20 | + | 3) [x] Installation source |
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| - | Number | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | 0 | + | ' |
| - | 1 | + | </code> |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | ===Installation Destination=== |
| + | |||
| + | Choisissez l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] Language settings | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [x] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [!] Installation Destination | ||
| + | (No disks selected) | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| + | Probing storage... | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Il est maintenant nécessaire de supprimer /dev/sda5 de notre RAID 5 : | + | Séléctionnez le disque **vda** et appuyez sur la touche **c** : |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --manage --remove /dev/md1 /dev/sda5 | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | mdadm: hot removed / | + | ================================================================================ |
| + | Installation Destination | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] : 5 GiB (vda) | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1 disk selected; 5 GiB capacity; 5 GiB free ... | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection | ||
| + | refresh]: c | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | A l'examen | + | A ce stade il vous est possible de choisir l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | /dev/md1: | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | Partitioning Options |
| - | | + | |
| - | Raid Level : raid5 | + | 1) [ ] Replace Existing Linux system(s) |
| - | Array Size : 1021952 | + | 2) [ ] Use All Space |
| - | Used Dev Size : 510976 (499.08 MiB 523.24 MB) | + | 3) [ ] Use Free Space |
| - | Raid Devices : 3 | + | 4) [ ] Manually assign mount points |
| - | Total Devices : 2 | + | |
| - | | + | Installation requires partitioning of your hard drive. Select what space to use |
| + | for the install target or manually assign mount points. | ||
| - | Update Time : Tue Aug 2 15:16:41 2016 | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | State : clean, degraded | + | refresh]: 2 |
| - | Active Devices | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | Working Devices : 2 | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | Failed Devices : 0 | + | Partitioning Options |
| - | Spare Devices : 0 | + | |
| - | | + | 1) [ ] Replace Existing Linux system(s) |
| - | Chunk Size : 512K | + | 2) [x] Use All Space |
| + | 3) [ ] Use Free Space | ||
| + | 4) [ ] Manually assign mount points | ||
| - | Name : centos7.fenestros.loc: | + | Installation requires partitioning of your hard drive. Select what space to use |
| - | UUID : fd8bac53: | + | for the install target or manually assign mount points. |
| - | | + | |
| - | Number | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | 0 | + | refresh]: c |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Constatez maintenant | + | A ce stade il vous est possible de choisir le type d' |
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Partition Scheme Options | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [ ] Standard Partition | ||
| + | 2) [x] LVM | ||
| + | 3) [ ] LVM Thin Provisioning | ||
| + | |||
| + | Select a partition scheme configuration. | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Bien que préférable de choisir | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# cat / | + | Please make a selection from the above [' |
| - | Personalities | + | refresh]: 1 |
| - | md1 : active raid5 sda11[3] sda8[1] | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | | + | ================================================================================ |
| - | + | Partition Scheme Options | |
| - | unused devices: < | + | |
| + | 1) [x] Standard Partition | ||
| + | 2) [ ] LVM | ||
| + | 3) [ ] LVM Thin Provisioning | ||
| + | |||
| + | Select a partition scheme configuration. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | refresh]: c | ||
| + | Generating updated storage configuration | ||
| + | Checking storage configuration... | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | ===Démarrer l' |
| - | Notez que le RAID a été démarré avec 2 unités au lieu de trois. | + | |
| + | De retour au menu principal, choisissez l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | ================================================================================ | ||
| + | Installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1) [x] Language settings | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 3) [x] Installation source | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5) [x] Installation Destination | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 7) [x] Network configuration | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 9) [ ] User creation | ||
| + | (No user will be created) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please make a selection from the above [' | ||
| + | ' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round important | ||
| + | **Important** : Notez que nous n' | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Pour ajouter un autre disque à notre RAID afin de remplacer /dev/sda5 il convient d'utiliser l' | + | L'installation démarre et se poursuit |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --manage --add /dev/md1 /dev/sda10 | + | ... |
| - | mdadm: added /dev/sda10 | + | Configuring storage |
| + | . | ||
| + | Installing boot loader | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | Performing post-installation setup tasks | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | |||
| + | Configuring installed system | ||
| + | .......... | ||
| + | Writing network configuration | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | Creating users | ||
| + | .... | ||
| + | Configuring addons | ||
| + | Executing com_redhat_kdump addon | ||
| + | Executing org_fedora_oscap addon | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | Generating initramfs | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | Running post-installation scripts | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | Storing configuration files and kickstarts | ||
| + | .. | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | L' | + | ===Démarrer la VM=== |
| + | |||
| + | A l'issu de l' | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | + | Installation complete. Press ENTER to quit: |
| - | /dev/md1: | + | ... |
| - | | + | [ |
| - | | + | Starting Network Manager Wait Online... |
| - | Raid Level : raid5 | + | [ OK ] Reached target Network. |
| - | Array Size : 1021952 (998.17 MiB 1046.48 MB) | + | Starting OpenSSH server daemon... |
| - | | + | |
| - | Raid Devices | + | |
| - | Total Devices | + | |
| - | Persistence | + | [ OK ] Started OpenSSH server daemon. |
| + | [ OK ] Started Permit User Sessions. | ||
| + | Starting Hold until boot process finishes up... | ||
| + | [ OK ] Started Command Scheduler. | ||
| + | | ||
| + | [ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Update Time : Tue Aug 2 15:19:06 2016 | + | ====1.5 - Vérification de la VM Invitée==== |
| - | State : clean | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Working Devices : 3 | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Spare Devices : 0 | + | |
| - | | + | Au prompt, connectez-vous en tant que **root** avec le mot de passe **fenestros** |
| - | Chunk Size : 512K | + | |
| - | Name : centos7.fenestros.loc:1 | + | < |
| - | UUID : fd8bac53: | + | CentOS Linux 8 |
| - | | + | Kernel 4.18.0-305.12.1.el8_4.x86_64 on an x86_64 |
| - | Number | + | testvm1 login: root |
| - | 4 | + | Mot de passe : fenestros |
| - | 1 | + | [root@testvm1 ~]# |
| - | | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Naturellement, | + | ===Réseau=== |
| + | |||
| + | Vérifiez la prise en compte d'une adresse IPv4 dans le réseau 192.168.56.0/ | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@testvm1 |
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan | + | 1: lo: < |
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# cat / | + | link/loopback 00: |
| - | DEVICES | + | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo |
| - | ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=centos7.fenestros.loc:1 UUID=fd8bac53:1457a4f4:30feab84:e0f9d8e0 | + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| + | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 2: enp1s0: < | ||
| + | link/ether 52: | ||
| + | inet 192.168.56.83/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp1s0 | ||
| + | | ||
| + | inet6 fe80::6191:6417:8b53: | ||
| + | | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Internet=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Vérifiez la connectivité de la VM : | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | [root@testvm1 ~]# ping www.free.fr | ||
| + | PING www.free.fr (212.27.48.10) 56(84) bytes of data. | ||
| + | 64 bytes from www.free.fr (212.27.48.10): | ||
| + | 64 bytes from www.free.fr (212.27.48.10): | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- www.free.fr ping statistics --- | ||
| + | 2 packets transmitted, | ||
| + | rtt min/ | ||
| + | [root@testvm1 ~]# [ALT GR]+[CTRL]+[)] | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
| + | **Important** : Notez l' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| ----- | ----- | ||
| - | < | + | Copyright © 2022 Hugh Norris |
| - | <div align=" | + | |
| - | Copyright © 2020 Hugh Norris. | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
