Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| elearning:workbooks:centos:8:avance:l104 [2021/06/25 11:32] – created admin | elearning:workbooks:centos:8:avance:l104 [2022/02/22 15:15] (Version actuelle) – created admin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
| ~~PDF: | ~~PDF: | ||
| + | |||
| + | Version : **2022.01** | ||
| Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
| - | ======LCF304 | + | ======LCF604 |
| =====Contenu du Module===== | =====Contenu du Module===== | ||
| - | * **LCF304 | + | * **LCF604 |
| - | * X Window System | + | * Contenu du Module |
| - | * Configuration | + | * Présentation |
| - | * Gestionnaire | + | * LAB #1 - Installation |
| - | * Toolkits | + | * 1.1 - Installation des Paquets Requis |
| - | * Freedesktop | + | * 1.2 - Activation et Démarrage |
| - | * Display Manager | + | * 1.3 - Modules |
| - | * XDM, GDM et KDM | + | * LAB #2 - Configuration de KVM |
| - | * LightDM | + | * 2.1 - Configuration du Pare-feu |
| - | * X.orgX11 | + | * 2.2 - Configuration du Réseau des VMs |
| - | * Présentation | + | * 2.3 - Configuration du Stockage |
| - | * Démarrage | + | |
| - | * Utilisation | + | |
| - | * Configuration | + | |
| - | * La Section ServerFlags | + | |
| - | * La Section ServerLayout | + | |
| - | * La Section Files | + | |
| - | * La Section | + | |
| - | * La Section InputDevice | + | |
| - | * La Section Monitor | + | |
| - | * La Section Device | + | |
| - | * La Section Screen | + | |
| - | * La Commande xwininfo | + | |
| - | * La Commande xdpyinfo | + | |
| - | * L' | + | |
| - | * Le Clavier et la Souris | + | |
| - | * Claviers Visuels | + | |
| - | * L' | + | |
| - | * Autres Technologies | + | |
| - | =====X Window System===== | + | =====Présentation===== |
| - | L' | + | ====La Virtualisation==== |
| - | | + | Le système de base hébergeant les machines virtuelles est appelé l'**hôte** tandis que les machines virtuelles sont appelées les **invités**. |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | **X** est une application client/ | + | Il existe différentes méthodes de virtualisation : |
| - | Il existe trois versions | + | * **Virtualisation au niveau du système d' |
| + | * **Description** : Les systèmes invités utilisent le même noyau et une partie du système | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | * **Logiciels concernés** | ||
| - | * **[[http:// | + | {{ :elearning: |
| - | * un logiciel libre utilisé par la majorité des distributions jusqu' | + | |
| - | * **[[http:// | + | |
| - | * un logiciel libre utilisé depuis les modifications de la licence de XFree86 en 2004. La version | + | |
| - | * **[[http://www.xig.com|AcceleratedX]]**, | + | |
| - | * un logiciel commercial édité par la société **Xi Graphics** possedant sa propre base de pilotes graphiques. | + | |
| - | ====Configuration==== | + | * **Paravirtualisation ou // |
| + | * **Description** : Le système hôte met à disposition une machine virtuelle dans laquelle les autres invités s' | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | * **Logiciels concernés** : Xen, VMWare(tm) ESX, Microsoft(tm) Hyper-V. | ||
| - | IL existe plusieurs outils pour configurer le serveur X : | + | {{ :elearning: |
| - | * **XFree86 configure** est la commande utilisé pour configurer un serveur X basé sur XFree86 4.x. Cette commande produit le fichier | + | * **Virtualisation complète ou // |
| - | * **Xorg configure** est la commande utilisé pour configurer un serveur X basé sur X.orgX11. Cette commande produit le fichier | + | * **Description** : Le programme simule du matériel virtuel qui apparaît du point de vue de l' |
| + | | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | {{ :elearning: |
| - | **Important** | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | Deux outils qui ne bénéficient plus de support sont **xf86cfg** et **xorgcfg** sont parfois présents | + | * **Paravirtualisation avec prise en charge |
| + | | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | * **L' | ||
| + | * **Logiciels concernés** : Xen, KVM | ||
| - | Dernièrement il existe des outils spécifiques à une distribution | + | {{ :elearning: |
| - | * Red Hat, CentOS, Fedora : **system-config-display**. | + | ====Xen==== |
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | |
| - | **Important** : Les outils disponibles pour le serveur XFree86 version 3.3.6 et antérieure était | + | |
| - | </WRAP> | + | |
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | * Xen ne peut pas lancé donc un système non-modifié tel Windows(tm) en mode paravirtualisation, | ||
| + | * Xen peut lancer des systèmes non modifiés dans des **HVM** ( //Hardware Virtual Machine// ) depuis sa version 3 en utilisant une partie du code de QEMU combinée avec l' | ||
| - | Les fichiers de configuration de chaque serveur X sont : | + | ====KVM==== |
| - | * **[[http:// | + | **[[http:// |
| - | * **/ | + | |
| - | * **[[http:// | + | |
| - | * **/ | + | |
| - | * **[[http:// | + | |
| - | * **/ | + | |
| - | =====Gestionnaire | + | * est un hyperviseur libre sous Linux, |
| + | * ne fonctionne que sur les architectures x86 disposant des extensions Intel-VT ou AMD-V, | ||
| + | * est un projet issu de QEMU. | ||
| - | **X** ne doit être confondue avec un **Gestionnaire de Fenêtres** (//Window Manager// | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
| + | Important : Le module KVM est intégré dans le noyau Linux depuis | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | | + | **KVM** appartient à la société |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | * Xfce, | + | |
| - | * Afterstep | + | |
| - | * Compiz Fusion, | + | |
| - | * Fluxbox, | + | |
| - | * Openbox, | + | |
| - | * Metacity, | + | |
| - | * Blackbox, | + | |
| - | * Ion, | + | |
| - | * Wmii, | + | |
| - | * etc. | + | |
| - | Les Gestionnaires les plus connus sont : | + | KVM permet de virtualiser |
| - | * **KDE** | + | * Windows(tm) à partir de Windows(tm) 2000, |
| - | * **GNOME** | + | |
| + | | ||
| + | * Solaris(tm) et openSolaris, | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| - | =====Toolkits===== | + | KVM offre un support du matériel suivant : |
| - | Chaque Gestionnaire utilise une bibliothèque graphique contenant des fonctions " | + | |
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| - | Une bibliothèque complète est appelée un **Widget Toolkit**. Le Toolkit le plus connu est **MOTIF**. Cependant **MOTIF** n'est pas libre. Pour cette raison les développeurs | + | Les avantages |
| - | Comme dans beaucoup de cas de développement sous Linux, il existe plusieurs Toolkits dont les deux les plus connus sont : | + | * l’utilisation de noyaux non-modifiés au niveaux des invités, |
| + | * l' | ||
| - | * **GTK** (//GIMP Toolkit//), programé en langage C et embarqué par défaut dans le Gestionnaire | + | =====LAB #1 - Installation |
| - | * **QT** (//Cute//), programé en langage C++ et embarqué par défaut dans le Gestionnaire de Fenêtres **KDE**. | + | |
| - | =====Freedesktop===== | + | ====1.1 - Installation des Paquets Requis==== |
| - | Afin d'assurer la possibilité d' | + | Avant d'installer KVM, il convient |
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# egrep ' | ||
| + | 8 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | =====Display Manager===== | + | La majorité des paquets necéssaires pour la virtualisation sous KVM ont été regroupés dans un **module** dénommé **virt**. Il convient donc de l' |
| - | Le **Display Manager** est chargé de gérer les connexions locales et à distance, les authentifications et les ouvertures de sessions. De ce fait, Le Display Manager est l' | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# dnf module install virt -y | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Pour les connexions à distance | + | Si vous souhaitez utiliser l' |
| - | ====XDM, GDM et KDM==== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# dnf install virt-install virt-viewer -y | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Le Display Manager par défaut, compatible avec tous les serveurs | + | Le paquet |
| - | * **GDM** pour GNOME, | + | < |
| - | | + | [root@centos8 ~]# dnf install epel-release -y |
| - | * **LightDM** de Canonical. | + | [root@centos8 ~]# dnf install bridge-utils -y |
| + | </ | ||
| - | Les deux premiers sont essentiellement des XDM avec des fonctionnalités supplémentaires telles | + | Dernièrement, |
| - | * le passage d'un utilisateur à un autre, | + | < |
| - | * la liste des utilisateurs, | + | [root@centos8 ~]# dnf install virt-top libguestfs-tools -y |
| - | * le choix d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres, | + | </ |
| - | * la possibilité d'une autoconnexion, | + | |
| - | * la liste des serveurs **X** distants, | + | |
| - | * etc. | + | |
| - | ====LightDM==== | + | ====1.2 - Activation et Démarrage du Service libvirtd==== |
| - | LightDM est un gestionnaire d' | + | Activez |
| - | * Pas de dépendances de Gnome | + | < |
| - | * Utilisation de webkit pour le rendu des thèmes | + | [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd |
| - | * Support de Toolkits Gtk et Qt | + | </ |
| - | Sous RHEL/CentOS 7, LightDM n'est pas installé par défaut et se trouve dans le dépôt EPEL. Installez donc le dépôt | + | Vérifiez |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | Loaded | + | ● libvirtd.service |
| - | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile | + | |
| - | * base: fr.mirror.babylon.network | + | Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-09-01 10:19:05 EDT; 11s ago |
| - | * extras: fr.mirror.babylon.network | + | Docs: man: |
| - | * updates: fr.mirror.babylon.network | + | |
| - | Resolving Dependencies | + | Main PID: 7502 (libvirtd) |
| - | --> Running transaction check | + | Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768) |
| - | ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-6 will be installed | + | |
| - | --> Finished Dependency Resolution | + | CGroup: /system.slice/ |
| + | ├─1942 / | ||
| + | | ||
| + | └─7502 / | ||
| - | Dependencies Resolved | + | Sep 01 10:19:05 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting Virtualization daemon... |
| + | Sep 01 10:19:05 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started Virtualization daemon. | ||
| + | Sep 01 10:19:06 centos8.ittraining.loc dnsmasq[1942]: | ||
| + | Sep 01 10:19:06 centos8.ittraining.loc dnsmasq[1942]: | ||
| + | Sep 01 10:19:06 centos8.ittraining.loc dnsmasq-dhcp[1942]: | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ================================================================================ | + | ====1.3 - Modules du Noyau==== |
| - | | + | |
| - | ================================================================================ | + | |
| - | Installing: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Transaction Summary | + | Votre VM présente aux système hôte un processeur de type Intel(tm). Pour que KVM puisse fonctionner dans cet environnement il a besoin que deux modules soient chargés : |
| - | ================================================================================ | + | |
| - | Install | + | |
| - | Total download size: 14 k | + | |
| - | Installed size: 24 k | + | |
| - | Downloading packages: | + | |
| - | epel-release-7-6.noarch.rpm | + | Vérifiez donc le bon chargement des modules concernés |
| - | Running transaction check | + | |
| - | Running transaction test | + | |
| - | Transaction test succeeded | + | |
| - | Running transaction | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Installed: | + | < |
| - | epel-release.noarch | + | [root@centos8 ~]# modinfo kvm |
| + | filename: | ||
| + | license: | ||
| + | author: | ||
| + | rhelversion: | ||
| + | srcversion: | ||
| + | depends: | ||
| + | intree: | ||
| + | name: kvm | ||
| + | vermagic: | ||
| + | sig_id: PKCS#7 | ||
| + | signer: | ||
| + | sig_key: | ||
| + | sig_hashalgo: | ||
| + | signature: | ||
| + | 8D: | ||
| + | 16: | ||
| + | B1: | ||
| + | FF: | ||
| + | BD: | ||
| + | CF: | ||
| + | A9: | ||
| + | CD: | ||
| + | FB: | ||
| + | 19: | ||
| + | 90: | ||
| + | D9: | ||
| + | 50: | ||
| + | FE: | ||
| + | 40: | ||
| + | 60: | ||
| + | D0: | ||
| + | EC: | ||
| + | 7F: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Complete! | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# modinfo kvm_intel | ||
| + | filename: | ||
| + | license: | ||
| + | author: | ||
| + | rhelversion: | ||
| + | srcversion: | ||
| + | alias: | ||
| + | depends: | ||
| + | intree: | ||
| + | name: | ||
| + | vermagic: | ||
| + | sig_id: | ||
| + | signer: | ||
| + | sig_key: | ||
| + | sig_hashalgo: | ||
| + | signature: | ||
| + | 11: | ||
| + | 91: | ||
| + | BB: | ||
| + | E4: | ||
| + | 2B: | ||
| + | 56: | ||
| + | 3B: | ||
| + | 6C: | ||
| + | 51: | ||
| + | D0: | ||
| + | 25: | ||
| + | 97: | ||
| + | 7D: | ||
| + | AC: | ||
| + | 2E: | ||
| + | 8D: | ||
| + | D7: | ||
| + | A3: | ||
| + | E6: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| + | parm: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Installez ensuite LightDM : | + | =====LAB #2 - Configuration de KVM====== |
| - | < | + | ====2.1 - Configuration du Pare-feu==== |
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y lightdm | + | |
| - | Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, | + | |
| - | epel/ | + | |
| - | epel | 4.3 kB | + | |
| - | (1/3): epel/ | + | |
| - | (2/3): epel/ | + | |
| - | (3/3): epel/ | + | |
| - | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile | + | |
| - | * base: fr.mirror.babylon.network | + | |
| - | * epel: mirrors.ircam.fr | + | |
| - | * extras: fr.mirror.babylon.network | + | |
| - | * updates: fr.mirror.babylon.network | + | |
| - | Resolving Dependencies | + | |
| - | --> Running transaction check | + | |
| - | ---> Package lightdm.x86_64 0:1.10.6-4.el7 will be installed | + | |
| - | --> Processing Dependency: lightdm-greeter | + | |
| - | --> Processing Dependency: lightdm-gobject(x86-64) | + | |
| - | --> Running transaction check | + | |
| - | ---> Package lightdm-gobject.x86_64 0: | + | |
| - | ---> Package lightdm-gtk.x86_64 0: | + | |
| - | --> Processing Dependency: lightdm-gtk-common | + | |
| - | --> Running transaction check | + | |
| - | ---> Package lightdm-gtk-common.noarch 0: | + | |
| - | --> Finished Dependency Resolution | + | |
| - | Dependencies Resolved | + | Si vous souhaitez vous connecter aux machines virtuelles créées sous KVM en utilisant le protocole VNC, vous devez ouvrir le port **5900/ |
| - | ================================================================================ | + | < |
| - | | + | [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent |
| - | ================================================================================ | + | success |
| - | Installing: | + | |
| - | lightdm | + | |
| - | Installing for dependencies: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | lightdm-gtk-common | + | |
| - | Transaction Summary | + | [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload |
| - | ================================================================================ | + | success |
| - | Install | + | </ |
| - | Total download size: 362 k | + | ====2.2 - Configuration du Réseau des VMs==== |
| - | Installed size: 970 k | + | |
| - | Downloading packages: | + | |
| - | warning: / | + | |
| - | Public key for lightdm-1.10.6-4.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed | + | |
| - | (1/4): lightdm-1.10.6-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | + | |
| - | (2/4): lightdm-gobject-1.10.6-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | + | |
| - | (3/4): lightdm-gtk-1.8.5-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | + | |
| - | (4/4): lightdm-gtk-common-1.8.5-19.el7.noarch.rpm | + | |
| - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | + | |
| - | Total 179 kB/s | 362 kB 00:02 | + | |
| - | Retrieving key from file:/// | + | |
| - | Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Running transaction check | + | |
| - | Running transaction test | + | |
| - | Transaction test succeeded | + | |
| - | Running transaction | + | |
| - | Installing : lightdm-gobject-1.10.6-4.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | Installing : lightdm-gtk-common-1.8.5-19.el7.noarch | + | |
| - | Installing : lightdm-1.10.6-4.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | Installing : lightdm-gtk-1.8.5-19.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | Verifying | + | |
| - | Verifying | + | |
| - | Verifying | + | |
| - | Verifying | + | |
| - | Installed: | + | Lors de l' |
| - | lightdm.x86_64 0:1.10.6-4.el7 | + | |
| - | Dependency Installed: | + | * La plage des adresses IP disponible pour les machines virtuelles KVM va de **192.168.122.2/24** à **192.168.122.254/24**, |
| - | lightdm-gobject.x86_64 0:1.10.6-4.el7 | + | * Ce pont met en place une connectivité de type **NAT** pour les machines virtuelles, |
| + | * Une interface réseau fictive, **virbr0-nic** et appelée une esclave, a été ajoutée à ce pont principalement pour fournir une adresse MAC stable, | ||
| + | * Normalement au fur et au mesure que d' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Les configurations ci-dessus peuvent être visualisées grâce à la commande **ip a ** : | ||
| - | Complete! | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# ip a | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | 4: virbr0: < | ||
| + | link/ether 52: | ||
| + | inet 192.168.122.1/ | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5: virbr0-nic: < | ||
| + | link/ether 52: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | + | | |
| - | Le fichier | + | Dans le cas où on ne souhaite pas ou on ne peut pas utiliser le pont créé par défaut, il convient |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | # | + | 3: ens19: < |
| - | # General configuration | + | link/ether 46:de:37:c0:55:6c brd ff: |
| - | # | + | </code> |
| - | # start-default-seat = True to always start one seat if none are defined in the configuration | + | |
| - | # greeter-user = User to run greeter as | + | |
| - | # minimum-display-number = Minimum display number to use for X servers | + | |
| - | # minimum-vt = First VT to run displays on | + | |
| - | # lock-memory = True to prevent memory from being paged to disk | + | |
| - | # user-authority-in-system-dir = True if session authority should be in the system location | + | |
| - | # guest-account-script = Script to be run to setup guest account | + | |
| - | # logind-load-seats = True to automatically set up multi-seat configuration from logind | + | |
| - | # logind-check-graphical = True to on start seats that are marked as graphical by logind | + | |
| - | # log-directory = Directory to log information to | + | |
| - | # run-directory = Directory to put running | + | |
| - | # cache-directory = Directory to cache to | + | |
| - | # sessions-directory = Directory to find sessions | + | |
| - | # remote-sessions-directory = Directory to find remote sessions | + | |
| - | # greeters-directory = Directory to find greeters | + | |
| - | # backup-logs = True to move add a .old suffix to old log files when opening new ones | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | [LightDM] | + | |
| - | #start-default-seat=true | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | minimum-vt=1 | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | user-authority-in-system-dir=true | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | Elle n'est pas visible dans la sortie de la commande **nmcli c show** : |
| - | # Seat defaults | + | |
| - | # | + | < |
| - | # type = Seat type (xlocal, xremote) | + | [root@centos8 ~]# nmcli c show |
| - | # xdg-seat = Seat name to set pam_systemd XDG_SEAT variable and name to pass to X server | + | NAME |
| - | # pam-service = PAM service to use for login | + | ip_fixe |
| - | # pam-autologin-service = PAM service to use for autologin | + | virbr0 |
| - | # pam-greeter-service = PAM service to use for greeters | + | ens18 fc4a4d23-b15e-47a7-bcfa-b2e08f49553e |
| - | # xserver-command = X server command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. X -special-option) | + | </code> |
| - | # xmir-command = Xmir server command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. Xmir -special-option) | + | |
| - | # xserver-layout = Layout to pass to X server | + | |
| - | # xserver-config = Config file to pass to X server | + | |
| - | # xserver-allow-tcp = True if TCP/IP connections are allowed to this X server | + | |
| - | # xserver-share = True if the X server is shared for both greeter and session | + | |
| - | # xserver-hostname = Hostname of X server (only for type=xremote) | + | |
| - | # xserver-display-number = Display number of X server (only for type=xremote) | + | |
| - | # xdmcp-manager = XDMCP manager to connect to (implies xserver-allow-tcp=true) | + | |
| - | # xdmcp-port = XDMCP UDP/IP port to communicate on | + | |
| - | # xdmcp-key = Authentication key to use for XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 (stored in keys.conf) | + | |
| - | # unity-compositor-command = Unity compositor command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. unity-system-compositor -special-option) | + | |
| - | # unity-compositor-timeout = Number of seconds to wait for compositor to start | + | |
| - | # greeter-session = Session to load for greeter | + | |
| - | # greeter-hide-users = True to hide the user list | + | |
| - | # greeter-allow-guest = True if the greeter should | + | |
| - | # greeter-show-manual-login = True if the greeter should offer a manual login option | + | |
| - | # greeter-show-remote-login = True if the greeter should offer a remote login option | + | |
| - | # user-session = Session to load for users | + | |
| - | # allow-user-switching = True if allowed to switch users | + | |
| - | # allow-guest = True if guest login is allowed | + | |
| - | # guest-session = Session to load for guests (overrides user-session) | + | |
| - | # session-wrapper = Wrapper script to run session with | + | |
| - | # greeter-wrapper = Wrapper script to run greeter with | + | |
| - | # guest-wrapper = Wrapper script to run guest sessions with | + | |
| - | # display-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter session (runs as root) | + | |
| - | # display-stopped-script = Script to run after stopping the display server (runs as root) | + | |
| - | # greeter-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter (runs as root) | + | |
| - | # session-setup-script = Script to run when starting a user session (runs as root) | + | |
| - | # session-cleanup-script = Script to run when quitting a user session (runs as root) | + | |
| - | # autologin-guest = True to log in as guest by default | + | |
| - | # autologin-user = User to log in with by default (overrides autologin-guest) | + | |
| - | # autologin-user-timeout = Number of seconds to wait before loading default user | + | |
| - | # autologin-session = Session to load for automatic login (overrides user-session) | + | |
| - | # autologin-in-background = True if autologin session should not be immediately activated | + | |
| - | # exit-on-failure = True if the daemon should exit if this seat fails | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | [SeatDefaults] | + | |
| - | #type=xlocal | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | #pam-service=lightdm | + | |
| - | #pam-autologin-service=lightdm-autologin | + | |
| - | #pam-greeter-service=lightdm-greeter | + | |
| - | xserver-command=X -background none | + | |
| - | #xmir-command=Xmir | + | |
| - | #xserver-layout= | + | |
| - | #xserver-config= | + | |
| - | #xserver-allow-tcp=false | + | |
| - | #xserver-share=true | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | greeter-session=lightdm-greeter | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | session-wrapper=/etc/ | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | Créez donc une adresse IP de 192.168.56.2/24 pour l' |
| - | # Seat configuration | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # Each seat must start with " | + | |
| - | # Uses settings from [SeatDefaults], | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | #[Seat:0] | + | |
| - | # | + | < |
| - | # XDMCP Server configuration | + | [root@centos8 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ip_kvm ifname ens19 type ethernet ip4 192.168.56.2/24 gw4 192.168.56.1 |
| - | # | + | Connection ' |
| - | # enabled = True if XDMCP connections should be allowed | + | [root@centos8 ~]# nmcli c show |
| - | # port = UDP/IP port to listen for connections on | + | NAME |
| - | # listen-address = Host/ | + | ip_fixe |
| - | # key = Authentication key to use for XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 or blank to not use authentication (stored in keys.conf) | + | ip_kvm |
| - | # | + | virbr0 |
| - | # The authentication key is a 56 bit DES key specified in hex as 0xnnnnnnnnnnnnnn. | + | ens18 fc4a4d23-b15e-47a7-bcfa-b2e08f49553e |
| - | # it can be a word and the first 7 characters are used as the key. | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | [XDMCPServer] | + | |
| - | #enabled=false | + | |
| - | #port=177 | + | |
| - | #listen-address= | + | |
| - | #key= | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | # | + | |
| - | # VNC Server configuration | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # enabled = True if VNC connections should be allowed | + | |
| - | # command = Command to run Xvnc server with | + | |
| - | # port = TCP/IP port to listen for connections on | + | |
| - | # listen-address = Host/ | + | |
| - | # width = Width of display to use | + | |
| - | # height = Height of display to use | + | |
| - | # depth = Color depth of display to use | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | [VNCServer] | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | #listen-address= | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | #depth=8 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | La configuration de l' | + | Utilisez la commande |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | # | + | 3: ens19: < |
| - | # background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953) | + | |
| - | # theme-name = GTK+ theme to use | + | inet 192.168.56.2/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute ens19 |
| - | # icon-theme-name = Icon theme to use | + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| - | # font-name = Font to use | + | inet6 fe80::4b01:d543: |
| - | # xft-antialias = Whether to antialias Xft fonts (true or false) | + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| - | # xft-dpi = Resolution for Xft in dots per inch (e.g. 96) | + | |
| - | # xft-hintstyle = What degree of hinting to use (none, slight, medium, or hintfull) | + | |
| - | # xft-rgba = Type of subpixel antialiasing (none, rgb, bgr, vrgb or vbgr) | + | |
| - | # show-indicators = semi-colon ";" | + | |
| - | # show-clock (true or false) | + | |
| - | # clock-format = strftime-format string, e.g. %H:%M | + | |
| - | # keyboard = command to launch on-screen keyboard | + | |
| - | # position = main window position: x y | + | |
| - | # default-user-image = Image used as default user icon, path or # | + | |
| - | # screensaver-timeout = Timeout (in seconds) until the screen blanks when the greeter is called as lockscreen | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | [greeter] | + | |
| - | background=/usr/ | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | #xft-dpi= | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| - | # | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | =====X.orgX11===== | + | Notez que cette configuration a été stockée |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====Présentation==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | L' | + | |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | Xorg: /usr/bin/Xorg /usr/ | + | TYPE=Ethernet |
| + | PROXY_METHOD=none | ||
| + | BROWSER_ONLY=no | ||
| + | BOOTPROTO=none | ||
| + | IPADDR=192.168.56.2 | ||
| + | PREFIX=24 | ||
| + | GATEWAY=192.168.56.1 | ||
| + | DEFROUTE=yes | ||
| + | IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no | ||
| + | IPV6INIT=yes | ||
| + | IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes | ||
| + | IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes | ||
| + | IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no | ||
| + | IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy | ||
| + | NAME=ip_kvm | ||
| + | UUID=afc8b175-f2cb-47b2-baca-66454058c36f | ||
| + | DEVICE=ens19 | ||
| + | ONBOOT=yes | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Les modules de **X.orgX11** sont installés | + | Vérifiez maintenant que vous pouvez communiquer avec la passerelle |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | / | + | PING 192.168.56.1 (192.168.56.1) 56(84) bytes of data. |
| - | total 36 | + | 64 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=14.6 ms |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jun 4 10:00 modules | + | 64 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 31246 Apr 10 2015 protocol.txt | + | 64 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms |
| - | + | ^C | |
| - | / | + | --- 192.168.56.1 ping statistics |
| - | total 776 | + | 3 packets transmitted, |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 4 15:33 drivers | + | rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.160/4.990/14.601/6.796 ms |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 22 Jun 4 10:00 extensions | + | |
| - | drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 106 Jun 4 10:02 input | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 99568 Apr 10 2015 libexa.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20016 Apr 10 2015 libfbdevhw.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 153528 Apr 10 2015 libfb.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19952 Mar 6 2015 libglamoregl.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 150992 Apr 10 2015 libint10.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36552 Apr 10 2015 libshadowfb.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36248 Apr 10 2015 libshadow.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 33576 Apr 10 2015 libvgahw.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 198568 Apr 10 2015 libwfb.so | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | / | + | |
| - | total 2616 | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11296 Mar 6 2015 ati_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20408 Jun 9 2014 dummy_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24648 Jun 10 2014 fbdev_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1501152 Mar 6 2015 intel_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 50472 Jun 9 2014 modesetting_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 211080 Jun 10 2014 nouveau_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 181560 Mar 11 2015 qxl_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 438848 Mar 6 2015 radeon_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 24216 Jun 9 2014 v4l_drv.so | + | |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 50 Jun 4 15:33 vboxvideo_drv.so -> /usr/lib64/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxvideo_drv_115.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 28936 Jun 10 2014 vesa_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 162008 Mar 6 2015 vmware_drv.so | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | /usr/ | + | |
| - | total 296 | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 302520 Apr 10 2015 libglx.so | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | /usr/ | + | |
| - | total 276 | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 58776 Jun 10 2014 evdev_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 70464 Mar | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20144 Jun 10 2014 vmmouse_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11440 Jun 10 2014 void_drv.so | + | |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113864 Jun 10 2014 wacom_drv.so | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Sous RHEL/CentOS 7 les paquets X.orgX11 installés peuvent | + | Pour pouvoir gérer l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-intel-2.99.916-5.el7.x86_64 | + | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / |
| - | xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-9.el7.noarch | + | TYPE=Ethernet |
| - | abrt-addon-xorg-2.1.11-19.el7.centos.0.3.x86_64 | + | BOOTPROTO=none |
| - | xorg-x11-utils-7.5-13.1.el7.x86_64 | + | NAME=ip_kvm |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-void-1.4.0-23.el7.x86_64 | + | UUID=afc8b175-f2cb-47b2-baca-66454058c36f |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-dummy-0.3.6-15.el7.x86_64 | + | DEVICE=ens19 |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-fbdev-0.4.3-15.el7.x86_64 | + | ONBOOT=yes |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-evdev-2.8.2-5.el7.x86_64 | + | BRIDGE=virbr0 |
| - | xorg-x11-glamor-0.6.0-2.20140918git347ef4f.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-qxl-0.1.1-12.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-4.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drivers-7.7-6.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-modesetting-0.8.0-13.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-xinit-1.3.2-14.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-ati-7.4.0-1.20140918git56c7fb8.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-xauth-1.0.7-6.1.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.3.2-14.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-18.1.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-server-common-1.15.0-33.el7_1.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-vmware-13.0.2-1.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse-13.0.0-10.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.15.0-33.el7_1.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-wacom-0.23.0-6.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1.0.10-5.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-1.7.1-13.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-9.1.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| - | xorg-x11-drv-v4l-0.2.0-35.el7.x86_64 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | ====Démarrage et Arrêt==== | + | Pour créer le pont, il convient de créer le fichier **/ |
| - | Les distributions RHEL ont historiquement utilisés les niveaux d' | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ | ||
| + | ls: cannot access | ||
| - | ====Utilisation==== | + | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | ||
| + | TYPE=BRIDGE | ||
| + | DEVICE=virbr0 | ||
| + | BOOTPROTO=non | ||
| + | ONBOOT=yes | ||
| + | IPADDR=192.168.56.2 | ||
| + | NETMASK=255.255.255.0 | ||
| + | GATEWAY=192.168.56.1 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Pour interagir avec et contrôler X.orgX11, un utilisateur dispose de plusieurs raccourcis claviers : | + | <WRAP center round important |
| - | + | **Important** : Notez que le nom du pont est identique au pont existant. Ceci n'a pas d' | |
| - | ^ Raccourci | + | |
| - | | < | + | |
| - | | < | + | |
| - | | < | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====Configuration==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | |
| - | **Important** : Notez que X.orgX11 s'auto-configure. Il est rarement nécessaire de configurer X.orgX11 manuellement. Par contre il est toujours possible de créer | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Un fichier de configuration **/ | + | Pour que la configuration puisse fonctionner, |
| - | <file> | + | <code> |
| - | Section " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# echo net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 >> / |
| - | | + | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / |
| - | | + | # The kernel allocates aio memory on demand, and this number limits the |
| - | | + | # number of parallel aio requests; the only drawback of a larger limit is |
| - | EndSection | + | # that a malicious guest could issue parallel requests to cause the kernel |
| + | # to set aside memory. | ||
| + | # | ||
| + | # Libvirt uses a default of 1M requests to allow 8k disks, with at most | ||
| + | # 64M of kernel memory if all disks hit an aio request at the same time. | ||
| + | fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 | ||
| + | net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Section " | + | En utilisant la commande **sysctl**, appliquez la nouvelle configuration : |
| - | BoardName | + | |
| - | Driver | + | |
| - | Identifier | + | |
| - | VendorName | + | |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | Section " | + | < |
| - | | + | [root@centos8 ~]# / |
| - | Depth 24 | + | fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 |
| - | EndSubSection | + | net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 |
| - | Device | + | </code> |
| - | | + | |
| - | Monitor | + | |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </file> | + | |
| - | Des applications tierces peuvent déposer des fichiers | + | Dernièrement, |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | total 24 | + | success |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1099 Apr 10 2015 10-evdev.conf | + | [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1867 Apr 10 2015 10-quirks.conf | + | success |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1704 Mar 6 2015 50-synaptics.conf | + | |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 115 Jun 10 2014 50-vmmouse.conf | + | |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 835 Jun 10 2014 50-wacom.conf | + | |
| - | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Mar 6 2015 glamor.conf | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | <code> |
| - | **Important** : Les fichiers dans le répertoire **xorg.conf.d** sont numérotés. L' | + | [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload |
| - | </WRAP> | + | success |
| + | </code> | ||
| - | Les fichiers de configuration | + | La configuration |
| - | <file> | + | <code> |
| - | Section " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# ip a |
| - | ... | + | 1: lo: < |
| - | </file> | + | link/ |
| - | + | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | |
| - | et se termine par une directive **EndSection** | + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| - | + | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | |
| - | <file> | + | |
| - | ... | + | 2: ens18: < |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </file> | + | inet 10.0.2.46/ |
| - | + | | |
| - | Dans chaque section se trouvent des lignes comprennant une **Option** suivi d'une ou de plusieurs **Valeurs** | + | inet 192.168.1.2/ |
| - | + | | |
| - | <file> | + | inet6 fe80:: |
| - | | + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| - | </file> | + | 3: ens19: |
| + | | ||
| + | inet 192.168.56.2/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute ens19 | ||
| + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever | ||
| + | inet6 fe80:: | ||
| + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever | ||
| + | 4: virbr0: < | ||
| + | | ||
| + | inet 192.168.122.1/ | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5: virbr0-nic: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | <WRAP center round important |
| - | **A faire** : Notez que la valeur est entourée | + | **Important** : Notez que la configuration n'as **pas** été prise en compte. En effet, l' |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Certaines options sont des booléenes. Les valeurs admises sont : | + | Consultez maintenant la list des réseaux configurés pour KVM : |
| - | | + | < |
| - | * **Faux** : 0, off, false, no. | + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh net-list |
| + | | ||
| + | -------------------------------------------- | ||
| + | | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ===La Section ServerFlags=== | + | En utilisant la commande **virsh net-dumpxml**, |
| - | Cette section optionnelle contient des directives globales. Cependant les valeurs attribuées ici peuvent être modifiées par les valeurs des directives dans la section **ServerLayout**. | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh net-dumpxml default | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <forward mode=' | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <port start=' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | <bridge name=' | ||
| + | <mac address=' | ||
| + | <ip address=' | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <range start=' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Un exemple de cette section | + | Il est donc nécessaire d' |
| - | <file> | + | <code> |
| - | Section " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh net-edit default |
| - | Option " | + | </code> |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </file> | + | |
| - | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | A l' |
| - | + | ||
| - | ^ Directive | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===La Section ServerLayout=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Cette section regroupe les informations concernant les périphériques en entrée et les périphériques en sortie. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Un exemple | + | |
| < | < | ||
| - | Section | + | < |
| - | Identifier | + | < |
| - | Screen | + | < |
| - | InputDevice | + | < |
| - | InputDevice | + | <bridge name=' |
| - | EndSection | + | <mac address=' |
| + | <ip address=' | ||
| + | | ||
| + | <range start=' | ||
| + | | ||
| + | </ip> | ||
| + | </ | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | Sortez du mode édition. Vous noterez que la commande vous indique que le fichier a été modifié |
| - | ^ Directive | + | < |
| - | | " | + | [ESC]:q |
| - | | " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh net-edit default |
| - | | " | + | Network default XML configuration edited. |
| - | | " | + | </ |
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | Par contre, la simple édition du fichier |
| - | **Important** : Le fichier | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | ===La Section Files=== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh net-dumpxml default | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <forward mode=' | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <port start=' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | <bridge name=' | ||
| + | <mac address=' | ||
| + | <ip address=' | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <range start=' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Cette section regroupe les informations concernant les fichiers | + | Notez que même en cas de re-démarrage du service, la configuration |
| - | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl status libvirtd | ||
| + | ● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | Docs: man: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | Main PID: 4037 (libvirtd) | ||
| + | Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768) | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| - | < | + | Sep 02 10:27:41 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting Virtualization daemon... |
| - | Section " | + | Sep 02 10:27:41 centos8.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started Virtualization daemon. |
| - | RgbPath | + | Sep 02 10:27:41 centos8.ittraining.loc dnsmasq[1950]: |
| - | FontPath | + | Sep 02 10:27:41 centos8.ittraining.loc dnsmasq[1950]: |
| - | EndSection | + | Sep 02 10:27:41 centos8.ittraining.loc dnsmasq-dhcp[1950]: |
| - | </file> | + | |
| - | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh net-dumpxml default |
| - | + | < | |
| - | ^ Directive | + | |
| - | | " | + | < |
| - | | " | + | <forward mode=' |
| - | | " | + | < |
| + | <port start=' | ||
| + | </nat> | ||
| + | </forward> | ||
| + | <bridge name=' | ||
| + | <mac address=' | ||
| + | <ip address=' | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <range start=' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Voici le fichier **/ | + | Re-démarrez donc votre VM : |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | 255 250 250 snow | + | |
| - | 248 248 255 ghost white | + | |
| - | 248 248 255 GhostWhite | + | |
| - | 245 245 245 white smoke | + | |
| - | 245 245 245 WhiteSmoke | + | |
| - | 220 220 220 gainsboro | + | |
| - | 255 250 240 floral white | + | |
| - | 255 250 240 FloralWhite | + | |
| - | 253 245 230 old lace | + | |
| - | 253 245 230 OldLace | + | |
| - | 250 240 230 linen | + | |
| - | 250 235 215 antique white | + | |
| - | 250 235 215 AntiqueWhite | + | |
| - | 255 239 213 papaya whip | + | |
| - | 255 239 213 PapayaWhip | + | |
| - | 255 235 205 blanched almond | + | |
| - | 255 235 205 BlanchedAlmond | + | |
| - | 255 228 196 bisque | + | |
| - | 255 218 185 peach puff | + | |
| - | 255 218 185 PeachPuff | + | |
| - | 255 222 173 navajo white | + | |
| - | 255 222 173 NavajoWhite | + | |
| - | 255 228 181 moccasin | + | |
| - | 255 248 220 cornsilk | + | |
| - | 255 255 240 ivory | + | |
| - | 255 250 205 lemon chiffon | + | |
| - | 255 250 205 LemonChiffon | + | |
| - | 255 245 238 seashell | + | |
| - | 240 255 240 honeydew | + | |
| - | --More--(3%) | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | ===La Section Modules=== | + | Connectez-vous de nouveau |
| - | + | ||
| - | Par défaut le serveur X charge ses modules | + | |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | drivers | + | NAME |
| - | extensions | + | ip_fixe |
| + | virbr0 | ||
| + | ip_kvm | ||
| + | ens18 fc4a4d23-b15e-47a7-bcfa-b2e08f49553e | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Utilisez ensuite la commande **ip** pour vérifier l' | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | root@debian8:~# ls /usr/lib/xorg/modules | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | drivers | + | 1: lo: < |
| - | extensions | + | link/loopback 00: |
| + | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | ||
| + | | ||
| + | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 2: ens18: < | ||
| + | link/ether 4e: | ||
| + | inet 10.0.2.46/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute ens18 | ||
| + | valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever | ||
| + | inet 192.168.1.2/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute ens18 | ||
| + | | ||
| + | inet6 fe80:: | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 3: ens19: < | ||
| + | link/ether 46: | ||
| + | 4: virbr0: < | ||
| + | link/ether 52: | ||
| + | inet 192.168.56.10/ | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 5: virbr0-nic: < | ||
| + | link/ether 52: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | Dernièrement, |
| - | **Important** : Le chemin par défaut de l' | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# ping 192.168.56.1 | ||
| + | PING 192.168.56.1 (192.168.56.1) 56(84) bytes of data. | ||
| + | 64 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=14.8 ms | ||
| + | 64 bytes from 192.168.56.1: | ||
| + | 64 bytes from 192.168.56.1: | ||
| + | ^C | ||
| + | --- 192.168.56.1 ping statistics --- | ||
| + | 3 packets transmitted, | ||
| + | rtt min/ | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | < | + | ====2.3 - Configuration du Stockage==== |
| - | Section " | + | |
| - | Load " | + | |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | KVM a besoin d'un emplacement pour stocker les VMs créées. L' |
| - | **Attention** : Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, le module | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | ===La Section InputDevice=== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# lsblk | ||
| + | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT | ||
| + | sda | ||
| + | ├─sda1 | ||
| + | └─sda2 | ||
| + | ├─cl_centos8-root 253:0 0 27.8G 0 lvm / | ||
| + | └─cl_centos8-swap 253:1 0 3.2G 0 lvm [SWAP] | ||
| + | sdb | ||
| + | sdc | ||
| + | └─sdc1 | ||
| + | sdd | ||
| + | sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Cette section décrit | + | Créez donc sur **/ |
| - | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd | ||
| + | Physical volume "/ | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcreate kvm_storage /dev/sdd | ||
| + | Volume group " | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | <file> | + | <code> |
| - | Section " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# vgs |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Option | + | </code> |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </file> | + | |
| - | Les directives les plus courantes | + | Créez ensuite un volume logique, dénommé **kvm_lv**, occupant toute l' |
| - | ^ Directive | + | < |
| - | | "Identifier" | + | [root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n kvm_lv kvm_storage |
| - | | " | + | Logical volume |
| - | | " | + | |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# lvs | ||
| + | LV | ||
| + | root | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Quand la section décrit une souris, on trouve typiquement les options suivantes | + | Créez ensuite un système de fichiers de type **xfs** sur le volume logique **kvm_lv** |
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.xfs / | ||
| + | meta-data=/ | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | data | ||
| + | | ||
| + | naming | ||
| + | log =internal log | ||
| + | | ||
| + | realtime =none | ||
| + | Discarding blocks...Done. | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | ^ Option | + | Éditez ensuite |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | ===La Section Monitor=== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / | ||
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
| - | Cette section décrit l'écran. Les écrans actuels sont tous de type **DCC** qui peuvent communiquer au pilote graphique les fréquences et les résolutions supportées. Cependant avec des anciens moniteurs, il est nécessaire d'éditer cette section manuellement. | + | # |
| + | # / | ||
| + | # Created by anaconda on Wed Jun 16 06:21:32 2021 | ||
| + | # | ||
| + | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
| + | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
| + | # | ||
| + | # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' | ||
| + | # units generated from this file. | ||
| + | # | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | UUID=1c04981e-5317-4b73-9695-3ce25246835d /boot | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | UUID=f76d6b66-985b-4a91-af9c-4987e8c1443c /home | ||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | + | ## KVM Guest Image Store |
| - | **Attention** : Il est important de se munir avec la documentation du moniteur afin de connaître **la taille de l' | + | / |
| - | </WRAP> | + | </code> |
| - | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | Montez ensuite le volume logique |
| - | <file> | + | <code> |
| - | Section " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# df -h |
| - | Identifier | + | Filesystem |
| - | VendorName | + | devtmpfs |
| - | ModelName | + | tmpfs 1.9G |
| - | DisplaySize | + | tmpfs 1.9G 9.5M 1.9G 1% /run |
| - | HorizSync | + | tmpfs 1.9G 0 |
| - | VertRefresh | + | / |
| - | EndSection | + | /dev/ |
| - | </file> | + | / |
| + | tmpfs 374M | ||
| + | tmpfs 374M 1.2M 373M 1% / | ||
| - | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | [root@centos8 ~]# mount -a |
| - | ^ Directive | + | [root@centos8 ~]# df -h |
| - | | " | + | Filesystem |
| - | | " | + | devtmpfs |
| - | | " | + | tmpfs 1.9G |
| - | | " | + | tmpfs 1.9G 9.5M 1.9G 1% /run |
| - | | " | + | tmpfs 1.9G |
| - | | " | + | / |
| - | | " | + | / |
| - | | " | + | / |
| + | tmpfs | ||
| + | tmpfs | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | Notez que ce volume est actuellement vide : | ||
| - | ===La Section Device=== | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l / | ||
| + | total 0 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Cette section décrit une carte vidéo. Il y a une section Device | + | Utilisez la commande **virsh pool-list** |
| - | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | < |
| + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh pool-list | ||
| + | | ||
| + | --------------------------- | ||
| - | < | + | </code> |
| - | Section " | + | |
| - | Identifier | + | |
| - | Driver | + | |
| - | VendorName | + | |
| - | BoardName | + | |
| - | VideoRam | + | |
| - | Option | + | |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </file> | + | |
| - | Les directives les plus courantes | + | Définissez le pool de stockage **kvm-storagepool** |
| - | ^ Directive | + | < |
| - | | " | + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh pool-define-as kvm-storagepool --type=dir --target |
| - | | " | + | Pool kvm-storagepool defined |
| - | | " | + | </ |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | ===La Section Screen=== | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
| + | **Important** : Consultez **[[https:// | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Cette section associe une carte vidéo décrite par une section | + | Consultez |
| - | Un exemple de cette section est : | + | Démarrez maintenant |
| - | + | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | Section " | + | |
| - | Identifier " | + | |
| - | Device | + | |
| - | Monitor | + | |
| - | DefaultDepth | + | |
| - | SubSection " | + | |
| - | Depth | + | |
| - | Modes | + | |
| - | EndSubSection | + | |
| - | SubSection " | + | |
| - | Depth | + | |
| - | Modes | + | |
| - | EndSubSection | + | |
| - | EndSection | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ^ Directive | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | | " | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====La Commande xwininfo==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | La commande xwininfo permet d' | + | |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | + | Pool kvm-storagepool started | |
| - | xwininfo: Please select the window about which you | + | |
| - | would like information by clicking the | + | |
| - | mouse in that window. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | xwininfo: Window id: 0x2800025 " | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Absolute upper-left X: 0 | + | |
| - | Absolute upper-left Y: 60 | + | |
| - | Relative upper-left X: 0 | + | |
| - | Relative upper-left Y: 32 | + | |
| - | Width: 1366 | + | |
| - | Height: 574 | + | |
| - | Depth: 24 | + | |
| - | Visual: 0x21 | + | |
| - | Visual Class: TrueColor | + | |
| - | Border width: 0 | + | |
| - | Class: InputOutput | + | |
| - | Colormap: 0x20 (installed) | + | |
| - | Bit Gravity State: NorthWestGravity | + | |
| - | Window Gravity State: NorthWestGravity | + | |
| - | Backing Store State: NotUseful | + | |
| - | Save Under State: no | + | |
| - | Map State: IsViewable | + | |
| - | Override Redirect State: no | + | |
| - | Corners: | + | |
| - | -geometry 1366x574+0+28 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Les options de la commande xwininfo sont : | + | Contrôlez l' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | usage: | + | Name State Autostart |
| - | + | --------------------------------------- | |
| - | where options include: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | -display host: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | ====La Commande xdpyinfo==== | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
| + | **Important** : Notez que le pool ne sera pas démarré automatiquement parce que la valeur d**' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | Xdpyinfo est un utilitaire utilisé pour afficher des informations concernant le serveur X : | + | Fixez la valeur d' |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | name of display: | + | Pool kvm-storagepool marked as autostarted |
| - | version number: | + | |
| - | vendor string: | + | |
| - | vendor release number: | + | |
| - | X.Org version: 1.15.0 | + | |
| - | maximum request size: 16777212 bytes | + | |
| - | motion buffer size: 256 | + | |
| - | bitmap unit, bit order, padding: | + | |
| - | image byte order: | + | |
| - | number of supported pixmap formats: | + | |
| - | supported pixmap formats: | + | |
| - | depth 1, bits_per_pixel 1, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | depth 4, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | depth 8, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | depth 15, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | depth 16, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | depth 24, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | depth 32, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32 | + | |
| - | keycode range: | + | |
| - | focus: | + | |
| - | number of extensions: | + | |
| - | BIG-REQUESTS | + | |
| - | Composite | + | |
| - | DAMAGE | + | |
| - | DOUBLE-BUFFER | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | DRI2 | + | |
| - | GLX | + | |
| - | Generic Event Extension | + | |
| - | MIT-SCREEN-SAVER | + | |
| - | MIT-SHM | + | |
| - | Present | + | |
| - | RANDR | + | |
| - | RECORD | + | |
| - | RENDER | + | |
| - | SGI-GLX | + | |
| - | SHAPE | + | |
| - | SYNC | + | |
| - | X-Resource | + | |
| - | XC-MISC | + | |
| - | XFIXES | + | |
| - | XFree86-DGA | + | |
| - | XFree86-VidModeExtension | + | |
| - | XINERAMA | + | |
| - | XInputExtension | + | |
| - | XKEYBOARD | + | |
| - | XTEST | + | |
| - | XVideo | + | |
| - | default screen number: | + | |
| - | number of screens: | + | |
| - | screen | + | [root@centos8 ~]# virsh pool-list |
| - | | + | Name State Autostart |
| - | | + | --------------------------------------- |
| - | depths (7): 24, 1, 4, 8, 15, 16, 32 | + | kvm-storagepool |
| - | root window id: 0x170 | + | |
| - | depth of root window: | + | |
| - | number of colormaps: | + | |
| - | default colormap: | + | |
| - | default number of colormap cells: | + | |
| - | preallocated pixels: | + | |
| - | options: | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | current input event mask: 0xda0003 | + | |
| - | KeyPressMask | + | |
| - | SubstructureNotifyMask | + | |
| - | ColormapChangeMask | + | |
| - | number of visuals: | + | |
| - | default visual id: 0x21 | + | |
| - | visual: | + | |
| - | visual id: 0x21 | + | |
| - | class: | + | |
| - | depth: | + | |
| - | available colormap entries: | + | |
| - | red, green, blue masks: | + | |
| - | significant bits in color specification: | + | |
| - | visual: | + | |
| - | visual id: 0xf9 | + | |
| - | class: | + | |
| - | depth: | + | |
| - | available colormap entries: | + | |
| - | red, green, blue masks: | + | |
| - | significant bits in color specification: | + | |
| - | ... | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | Les options de la commande xwininfo sont : | + | Dernièrement, |
| < | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 | + | [root@centos8 |
| - | usage: | + | Name State |
| - | -display displayname server to query | + | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| - | -version print program version and exit | + | kvm-storagepool |
| - | -queryExtensions print info returned by XQueryExtension | + | |
| - | -ext all print detailed info for all supported extensions | + | |
| - | -ext extension-name print detailed info for extension-name if one of: | + | |
| - | MIT-SHM XKEYBOARD Multi-Buffering SHAPE SYNC XFree86-DGA | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | XInputExtension RENDER XINERAMA DMX | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | =====L' | + | <code> |
| - | + | [root@centos8 ~]# df -h /var/lib/libvirt/images/ | |
| - | L' | + | Filesystem |
| - | + | /dev/mapper/kvm_storage-kvm_lv | |
| - | ====Le Clavier et la Souris==== | + | </code> |
| - | + | ||
| - | Historiquement, | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ^ Paramètre ^ Description ^ | + | |
| - | | Sticky Keys | Permet de maintenir les touches | + | |
| - | | Mouse Keys | Permet d' | + | |
| - | | Bounce Keys | Permet de réduire l' | + | |
| - | | Slow Keys | Necéssite qu'une touche soit enfoncée pour une durée plus longue avant que le système réagisse | | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====Claviers Visuels==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Un clavier visuel ou //Onscreen Keyboard// est un clavier qui est afficher à l' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Un exemple connu du clavier visuel est **[[http://library.gnome.org/users/gnomeaccessguide/stable/ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====L' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | En ce qui concerne la visibilité de l' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Il existe aussi des loupes telles **Kmag**. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ====Autres Technologies==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Il existe aussi des logiciels de synthèse vocal tels **[[http://live.gnome.org/Orca|Orca]]** et **[[http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net|Emacspeak]]** ainsi que des moniteurs Braille qui utilisent **[[http://www.mielke.cc/brltty/ | + | |
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| - | < | + | Copyright © 2022 Hugh Norris. |
| - | <div align=" | + | |
| - | Copyright © 2020 Hugh Norris. | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
